/* ====================================================================
 * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2002-2003 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
 * reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution, if
 *    any, must include the following acknowledgement:
 *       "This product includes software developed by the
 *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
 *    Alternately, this acknowledgement may appear in the software itself,
 *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgements normally appear.
 *
 * 4. The names "The Jakarta Project", "Commons", and "Apache Software
 *    Foundation" must not be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *    from this software without prior written permission. For written
 *    permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
 *
 * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache"
 *    nor may "Apache" appear in their names without prior written
 *    permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
 * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 * ====================================================================
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
 * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
 * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
 * <http://www.apache.org/>.
 */
package org.apache.commons.lang;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * <p>A set of characters.</p>
 *
 * <p>Instances are immutable, but instances of subclasses may not be.</p>
 *
 * @author Henri Yandell
 * @author Stephen Colebourne
 * @author Phil Steitz
 * @author Pete Gieser
 * @author Gary Gregory
 * @since 1.0
 * @version $Id: CharSet.java,v 1.20 2003/08/22 17:25:33 ggregory Exp $
 */
public class CharSet implements Serializable {

    /** Serialization lock, Lang version 2.0. */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 5947847346149275958L;

    /** 
     * A CharSet defining no characters. 
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet EMPTY = new CharSet((String) null);

    /** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-zA-Z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA = new CharSet("a-zA-Z");

    /** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "a-z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA_LOWER = new CharSet("a-z");

    /** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "A-Z".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_ALPHA_UPPER = new CharSet("A-Z");

    /** 
     * A CharSet defining ASCII alphabetic characters "0-9".
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static final CharSet ASCII_NUMERIC = new CharSet("0-9");

    /**
     * A Map of the common cases used in the factory.
     * Subclasses can add more common patterns if desired.
     * @since 2.0
     */
    protected static final Map COMMON = new HashMap();
    
    static {
        COMMON.put(null, EMPTY);
        COMMON.put("", EMPTY);
        COMMON.put("a-zA-Z", ASCII_ALPHA);
        COMMON.put("A-Za-z", ASCII_ALPHA);
        COMMON.put("a-z", ASCII_ALPHA_LOWER);
        COMMON.put("A-Z", ASCII_ALPHA_UPPER);
        COMMON.put("0-9", ASCII_NUMERIC);
    }

    /** The set of CharRange objects. */
    private Set set = new HashSet();

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Factory method to create a new CharSet using a special syntax.</p>
     *
     * <ul>
     *  <li><code>null</code> or empty string ("")
     * - set containing no characters</li>
     *  <li>Single character, such as "a"
     *  - set containing just that character</li>
     *  <li>Multi character, such as "a-e"
     *  - set containing characters from one character to the other</li>
     *  <li>Negated, such as "^a" or "^a-e"
     *  - set containing all characters except those defined</li>
     *  <li>Combinations, such as "abe-g"
     *  - set containing all the characters from the individual sets</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * <p>The matching order is:</p>
     * <ol>
     *  <li>Negated multi character range, such as "^a-e"
     *  <li>Ordinary multi character range, such as "a-e"
     *  <li>Negated single character, such as "^a"
     *  <li>Ordinary single character, such as "a"
     * </ol>
     * <p>Matching works left to right. Once a match is found the
     * search starts again from the next character.</p>
     *
     * <p>If the same range is defined twice using the same syntax, only
     * one range will be kept.
     * Thus, "a-ca-c" creates only one range of "a-c".</p>
     *
     * <p>If the start and end of a range are in the wrong order,
     * they are reversed. Thus "a-e" is the same as "e-a".
     * As a result, "a-ee-a" would create only one range,
     * as the "a-e" and "e-a" are the same.</p>
     *
     * <p>The set of characters represented is the union of the specified ranges.</p>
     *
     * <p>All CharSet objects returned by this method will be immutable.</p>
     *
     * @param setStr  the String describing the set, may be null
     * @return a CharSet instance
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static CharSet getInstance(String setStr) {
        Object set = COMMON.get(setStr);
        if (set != null) {
            return (CharSet) set;
        }
        return new CharSet(setStr);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.</p>
     *
     * @param setStr  the String describing the set, may be null
     * @since 2.0
     */
    protected CharSet(String setStr) {
        super();
        add(setStr);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Constructs a new CharSet using the set syntax.
     * Each string is merged in with the set.</p>
     *
     * @param set  Strings to merge into the initial set
     * @throws NullPointerException if set is <code>null</code>
     */
    protected CharSet(String[] set) {
        super();
        int sz = set.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            add(set[i]);
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Add a set definition string to the <code>CharSet</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param str  set definition string
     */
    protected void add(String str) {
        if (str == null) {
            return;
        }

        int len = str.length();
        int pos = 0;
        while (pos < len) {
            int remainder = (len - pos);
            if (remainder >= 4 && str.charAt(pos) == '^' && str.charAt(pos + 2) == '-') {
                // negated range
                set.add(new CharRange(str.charAt(pos + 1), str.charAt(pos + 3), true));
                pos += 4;
            } else if (remainder >= 3 && str.charAt(pos + 1) == '-') {
                // range
                set.add(new CharRange(str.charAt(pos), str.charAt(pos + 2)));
                pos += 3;
            } else if (remainder >= 2 && str.charAt(pos) == '^') {
                // negated char
                set.add(new CharRange(str.charAt(pos + 1), true));
                pos += 2;
            } else {
                // char
                set.add(new CharRange(str.charAt(pos)));
                pos += 1;
            }
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Gets the internal set as an array of CharRange objects.</p>
     *
     * @return an array of immutable CharRange objects
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public CharRange[] getCharRanges() {
        return (CharRange[]) set.toArray(new CharRange[set.size()]);
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Does the <code>CharSet</code> contain the specified
     * character <code>ch</code>.</p>
     *
     * @param ch  the character to check for
     * @return <code>true</code> if the set contains the characters
     */
    public boolean contains(char ch) {
        for (Iterator it = set.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
            CharRange range = (CharRange) it.next();
            if (range.contains(ch)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Basics
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Compares two CharSet objects, returning true if they represent
     * exactly the same set of characters defined in the same way.</p>
     *
     * <p>The two sets <code>abc</code> and <code>a-c</code> are <i>not</i>
     * equal according to this method.</p>
     *
     * @param obj  the object to compare to
     * @return true if equal
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == this) {
            return true;
        }
        if (obj instanceof CharSet == false) {
            return false;
        }
        CharSet other = (CharSet) obj;
        return (set.equals(other.set));
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets a hashCode compatable with the equals method.</p>
     *
     * @return a suitable hashCode
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        return 89 + set.hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * <p>Gets a string representation of the set.</p>
     *
     * @return string representation of the set
     */
    public String toString() {
        return set.toString();
    }

}