/*
 * Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.pool.impl;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import org.apache.commons.collections.CursorableLinkedList;
import org.apache.commons.pool.BaseObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.pool.ObjectPool;
import org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory;

/**
 * A configurable {@link ObjectPool} implementation.
 * <p>
 * When coupled with the appropriate {@link PoolableObjectFactory},
 * <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> provides robust pooling functionality for
 * arbitrary objects.
 * <p>
 * A <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> provides a number of configurable parameters:
 * <ul>
 *  <li>
 *    {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>} controls the maximum number of objects that can
 *    be borrowed from the pool at one time.  When non-positive, there
 *    is no limit to the number of objects that may be active at one time.
 *    When {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>} is exceeded, the pool is said to be exhausted.
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *    {@link #setMaxIdle <i>maxIdle</i>} controls the maximum number of objects that can
 *    sit idle in the pool at any time.  When negative, there
 *    is no limit to the number of objects that may be idle at one time.
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *    {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} specifies the
 *    behaviour of the {@link #borrowObject} method when the pool is exhausted:
 *    <ul>
 *    <li>
 *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} is
 *      {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL}, {@link #borrowObject} will throw
 *      a {@link NoSuchElementException}
 *    </li>
 *    <li>
 *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>} is
 *      {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}, {@link #borrowObject} will create a new
 *      object and return it(essentially making {@link #setMaxActive <i>maxActive</i>}
 *      meaningless.)
 *    </li>
 *    <li>
 *      When {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction <i>whenExhaustedAction</i>}
 *      is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #borrowObject} will block
 *      (invoke {@link Object#wait} until a new or idle object is available.
 *      If a positive {@link #setMaxWait <i>maxWait</i>}
 *      value is supplied, the {@link #borrowObject} will block for at
 *      most that many milliseconds, after which a {@link NoSuchElementException}
 *      will be thrown.  If {@link #setMaxWait <i>maxWait</i>} is non-positive,
 *      the {@link #borrowObject} method will block indefinitely.
 *    </li>
 *    </ul>
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *    When {@link #setTestOnBorrow <i>testOnBorrow</i>} is set, the pool will
 *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned from the
 *    {@link #borrowObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
 *    {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject} method.)  Objects that fail
 *    to validate will be dropped from the pool, and a different object will
 *    be borrowed.
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *    When {@link #setTestOnReturn <i>testOnReturn</i>} is set, the pool will
 *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned to the pool in the
 *    {@link #returnObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
 *    {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject}
 *    method.)  Objects that fail to validate will be dropped from the pool.
 *  </li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * Optionally, one may configure the pool to examine and possibly evict objects as they
 * sit idle in the pool.  This is performed by an "idle object eviction" thread, which
 * runs asychronously.  The idle object eviction thread may be configured using the
 * following attributes:
 * <ul>
 *  <li>
 *   {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis <i>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis</i>}
 *   indicates how long the eviction thread should sleep before "runs" of examining
 *   idle objects.  When non-positive, no eviction thread will be launched.
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *   {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis <i>minEvictableIdleTimeMillis</i>}
 *   specifies the minimum amount of time that an object may sit idle in the pool
 *   before it is eligable for eviction due to idle time.  When non-positive, no object
 *   will be dropped from the pool due to idle time alone.
 *  </li>
 *  <li>
 *   {@link #setTestWhileIdle <i>testWhileIdle</i>} indicates whether or not idle
 *   objects should be validated using the factory's
 *   {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject} method.  Objects
 *   that fail to validate will be dropped from the pool.
 *  </li>
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * GenericObjectPool is not usable without a {@link PoolableObjectFactory}.  A
 * non-<code>null</code> factory must be provided either as a constructor argument
 * or via a call to {@link #setFactory} before the pool is used.
 *
 * @see GenericKeyedObjectPool
 * @author Rodney Waldhoff
 * @author Dirk Verbeeck
 * @version $Revision: 1.32 $ $Date: 2004/04/27 20:15:56 $
 */
public class GenericObjectPool extends BaseObjectPool implements ObjectPool {

    //--- public constants -------------------------------------------

    /**
     * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool is
     * exhausted (i.e., the maximum number of active objects has
     * been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method should fail, throwing a {@link NoSuchElementException}.
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL   = 0;

    /**
     * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool
     * is exhausted (i.e., the maximum number
     * of active objects has been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method should block until a new object is available, or the
     * {@link #getMaxWait maximum wait time} has been reached.
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
     * @see #setMaxWait
     * @see #getMaxWait
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK  = 1;

    /**
     * A "when exhausted action" type indicating that when the pool is
     * exhausted (i.e., the maximum number
     * of active objects has been reached), the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method should simply create a new object anyway.
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public static final byte WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW   = 2;

    /**
     * The default cap on the number of "sleeping" instances in the pool.
     * @see #getMaxIdle
     * @see #setMaxIdle
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE  = 8;

    /**
     * The default minimum number of "sleeping" instances in the pool
     * before before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
     * @see #getMinIdle
     * @see #setMinIdle
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE = 0;

    /**
     * The default cap on the total number of active instances from the pool.
     * @see #getMaxActive
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE  = 8;

    /**
     * The default "when exhausted action" for the pool.
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public static final byte DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION = WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK;

    /**
     * The default maximum amount of time (in millis) the
     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
     * {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
     * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
     * @see #getMaxWait
     * @see #setMaxWait
     */
    public static final long DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT = -1L;

    /**
     * The default "test on borrow" value.
     * @see #getTestOnBorrow
     * @see #setTestOnBorrow
     */
    public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW = false;

    /**
     * The default "test on return" value.
     * @see #getTestOnReturn
     * @see #setTestOnReturn
     */
    public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN = false;

    /**
     * The default "test while idle" value.
     * @see #getTestWhileIdle
     * @see #setTestWhileIdle
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public static final boolean DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE = false;

    /**
     * The default "time between eviction runs" value.
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public static final long DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS = -1L;

    /**
     * The default number of objects to examine per run in the
     * idle object evictor.
     * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public static final int DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN = 3;

    /**
     * The default value for {@link #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis}.
     * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     */
    public static final long DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS = 1000L * 60L * 30L;

    //--- constructors -----------------------------------------------

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt>.
     */
    public GenericObjectPool() {
        this(null,DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE,DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION,DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT,DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory) {
        this(factory,DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE,DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION,DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT,DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param config a non-<tt>null</tt> {@link GenericObjectPool.Config} describing my configuration
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, GenericObjectPool.Config config) {
        this(factory,config.maxActive,config.whenExhaustedAction,config.maxWait,config.maxIdle,config.minIdle,config.testOnBorrow,config.testOnReturn,config.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis,config.numTestsPerEvictionRun,config.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis,config.testWhileIdle);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive) {
        this(factory,maxActive,DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION,DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT,DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait) {
        this(factory,maxActive,whenExhaustedAction,maxWait,DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
     * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method (see {@link #getTestOnBorrow})
     * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method (see {@link #getTestOnReturn})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn) {
        this(factory,maxActive,whenExhaustedAction,maxWait,DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,testOnBorrow,testOnReturn,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
     * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #getMaxIdle})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, int maxIdle) {
        this(factory,maxActive,whenExhaustedAction,maxWait,maxIdle,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW,DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #getMaxWait})
     * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #getMaxIdle})
     * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method (see {@link #getTestOnBorrow})
     * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method (see {@link #getTestOnReturn})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, int maxIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn) {
        this(factory,maxActive,whenExhaustedAction,maxWait,maxIdle,DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE,testOnBorrow,testOnReturn,DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS,DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN,DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS,DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
     * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
     * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
     * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
     * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle objects for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
     * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction thread (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
     * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before it is eligable for evcition (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
     * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, int maxIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle) {
        this(factory, maxActive, whenExhaustedAction, maxWait, maxIdle, DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE, testOnBorrow, testOnReturn, timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, numTestsPerEvictionRun, minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, testWhileIdle);
    }

    /**
     * Create a new <tt>GenericObjectPool</tt> using the specified values.
     * @param factory the (possibly <tt>null</tt>)PoolableObjectFactory to use to create, validate and destroy objects
     * @param maxActive the maximum number of objects that can be borrowed from me at one time (see {@link #setMaxActive})
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action to take when the pool is exhausted (see {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction})
     * @param maxWait the maximum amount of time to wait for an idle object when the pool is exhausted an and <i>whenExhaustedAction</i> is {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK} (otherwise ignored) (see {@link #setMaxWait})
     * @param maxIdle the maximum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMaxIdle})
     * @param minIdle the minimum number of idle objects in my pool (see {@link #setMinIdle})
     * @param testOnBorrow whether or not to validate objects before they are returned by the {@link #borrowObject} method (see {@link #setTestOnBorrow})
     * @param testOnReturn whether or not to validate objects after they are returned to the {@link #returnObject} method (see {@link #setTestOnReturn})
     * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis the amount of time (in milliseconds) to sleep between examining idle objects for eviction (see {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis})
     * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun the number of idle objects to examine per run within the idle object eviction thread (if any) (see {@link #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun})
     * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis the minimum number of milliseconds an object can sit idle in the pool before it is eligable for evcition (see {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis})
     * @param testWhileIdle whether or not to validate objects in the idle object eviction thread, if any (see {@link #setTestWhileIdle})
     */
    public GenericObjectPool(PoolableObjectFactory factory, int maxActive, byte whenExhaustedAction, long maxWait, int maxIdle, int minIdle, boolean testOnBorrow, boolean testOnReturn, long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis, int numTestsPerEvictionRun, long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis, boolean testWhileIdle) {
        _factory = factory;
        _maxActive = maxActive;
        switch(whenExhaustedAction) {
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
                _whenExhaustedAction = whenExhaustedAction;
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("whenExhaustedAction " + whenExhaustedAction + " not recognized.");
        }
        _maxWait = maxWait;
        _maxIdle = maxIdle;
        _minIdle = minIdle;
        _testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
        _testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
        _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
        _numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
        _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
        _testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;

        _pool = new CursorableLinkedList();
        startEvictor(_timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
    }

    //--- public methods ---------------------------------------------

    //--- configuration methods --------------------------------------

    /**
     * Returns the cap on the total number of active instances from my pool.
     * @return the cap on the total number of active instances from my pool.
     * @see #setMaxActive
     */
    public synchronized int getMaxActive() {
        return _maxActive;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the cap on the total number of active instances from my pool.
     * @param maxActive The cap on the total number of active instances from my pool.
     *                  Use a negative value for an infinite number of instances.
     * @see #getMaxActive
     */
    public synchronized void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
        _maxActive = maxActive;
        notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
     * of "active" objects has been reached).
     *
     * @return one of {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL} or {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public synchronized byte getWhenExhaustedAction() {
        return _whenExhaustedAction;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
     * of "active" objects has been reached).
     *
     * @param whenExhaustedAction the action code, which must be one of
     *        {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}, {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL},
     *        or {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW}
     * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    public synchronized void setWhenExhaustedAction(byte whenExhaustedAction) {
        switch(whenExhaustedAction) {
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
                _whenExhaustedAction = whenExhaustedAction;
                notifyAll();
                break;
            default:
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("whenExhaustedAction " + whenExhaustedAction + " not recognized.");
        }
    }


    /**
     * Returns the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
     * {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
     * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
     *
     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * may block indefinitely.
     *
     * @see #setMaxWait
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     */
    public synchronized long getMaxWait() {
        return _maxWait;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
     * {@link #setWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
     * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
     *
     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * may block indefinitely.
     *
     * @see #getMaxWait
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     */
    public synchronized void setMaxWait(long maxWait) {
        _maxWait = maxWait;
        notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
     * @return the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
     * @see #setMaxIdle
     */
    public synchronized int getMaxIdle() {
        return _maxIdle;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
     * @param maxIdle The cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
     *                Use a negative value to indicate an unlimited number
     *                of idle instances.
     * @see #getMaxIdle
     */
    public synchronized void setMaxIdle(int maxIdle) {
        _maxIdle = maxIdle;
        notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * Sets the minimum number of objects allowed in the pool
     * before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
     * (Note no objects are created when: numActive + numIdle >= maxActive)
     * 
     * @param minIdle The minimum number of objects. 
     * @see #getMinIdle
     */
    public synchronized void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
        _minIdle = minIdle;
        notifyAll();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the minimum number of objects allowed in the pool
     * before the evictor thread (if active) spawns new objects.
     * (Note no objects are created when: numActive + numIdle >= maxActive)
     *
     * @return The minimum number of objects.
     * @see #setMinIdle
     */
    public synchronized int getMinIdle() {
        return _minIdle;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
     * to borrow another.
     *
     * @see #setTestOnBorrow
     */
    public synchronized boolean getTestOnBorrow() {
        return _testOnBorrow;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
     * to borrow another.
     *
     * @see #getTestOnBorrow
     */
    public synchronized void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
        _testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned to the pool within the
     * {@link #returnObject}.
     *
     * @see #setTestOnReturn
     */
    public synchronized boolean getTestOnReturn() {
        return _testOnReturn;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned to the pool within the
     * {@link #returnObject}.
     *
     * @see #getTestOnReturn
     */
    public synchronized void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
        _testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
     * idle object evictor thread.
     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
     * run.
     *
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
        return _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
     * idle object evictor thread.
     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
     * run.
     *
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
        _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
        startEvictor(_timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of objects to examine during each run of the
     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
     *
     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized int getNumTestsPerEvictionRun() {
        return _numTestsPerEvictionRun;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of objects to examine during each run of the
     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
     * <p>
     * When a negative value is supplied, <tt>ceil({@link #getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</tt>
     * tests will be run.  I.e., when the value is <i>-n</i>, roughly one <i>n</i>th of the
     * idle objects will be tested per run.
     *
     * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized void setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(int numTestsPerEvictionRun) {
        _numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
     * before it is eligable for eviction by the idle object evictor
     * (if any).
     *
     * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized long getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
        return _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
     * before it is eligable for eviction by the idle object evictor
     * (if any).
     * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
     * due to idle time alone.
     *
     * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
        _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
     *
     * @see #setTestWhileIdle
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized boolean getTestWhileIdle() {
        return _testWhileIdle;
    }

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
     *
     * @see #getTestWhileIdle
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    public synchronized void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
        _testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
    }

    /**
     * Sets my configuration.
     * @see GenericObjectPool.Config
     */
    public synchronized void setConfig(GenericObjectPool.Config conf) {
        setMaxIdle(conf.maxIdle);
        setMinIdle(conf.minIdle);
        setMaxActive(conf.maxActive);
        setMaxWait(conf.maxWait);
        setWhenExhaustedAction(conf.whenExhaustedAction);
        setTestOnBorrow(conf.testOnBorrow);
        setTestOnReturn(conf.testOnReturn);
        setTestWhileIdle(conf.testWhileIdle);
        setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(conf.numTestsPerEvictionRun);
        setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(conf.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
        setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(conf.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
        notifyAll();
    }

    //-- ObjectPool methods ------------------------------------------

    public Object borrowObject() throws Exception {
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        boolean newlyCreated = false;
        for(;;) {
            ObjectTimestampPair pair = null;

            synchronized(this) {
                assertOpen();

                // if there are any sleeping, just grab one of those
                try {
                    pair = (ObjectTimestampPair)(_pool.removeFirst());
                } catch(NoSuchElementException e) {
                    ; /* ignored */
                }

                // otherwise
                if(null == pair) {
                    // check if we can create one
                    // (note we know that the num sleeping is 0, else we wouldn't be here)
                    if(_maxActive <= 0 || _numActive < _maxActive) {
                        // allow new object to be created
                    } else {
                        // the pool is exhausted
                        switch(_whenExhaustedAction) {
                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW:
                                // allow new object to be created
                                break;
                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL:
                                throw new NoSuchElementException();
                            case WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK:
                                    try {
                                        if(_maxWait <= 0) {
                                            wait();
                                        } else {
                                            wait(_maxWait);
                                        }
                                    } catch(InterruptedException e) {
                                        // ignored
                                    }
                                    if(_maxWait > 0 && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - starttime) >= _maxWait)) {
                                        throw new NoSuchElementException("Timeout waiting for idle object");
                                    } else {
                                        continue; // keep looping
                                    }
                            default:
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("whenExhaustedAction " + _whenExhaustedAction + " not recognized.");
                        }
                    }
                }
                _numActive++;
            } // end synchronized
            
            // create new object when needed
            if(null == pair) {
                try {
                    Object obj = _factory.makeObject();
                    pair = new ObjectTimestampPair(obj);
                    newlyCreated = true;
                }
                catch (Exception e) {
                    // object cannot be created
                    synchronized(this) {
                        _numActive--;
                        notifyAll();
                    }
                    throw e;
                }
            }

            // activate & validate the object
            try {
                _factory.activateObject(pair.value);
                if(_testOnBorrow && !_factory.validateObject(pair.value)) {
                    throw new Exception("validateObject failed");
                }                
                return pair.value;
            } 
            catch (Exception e) {
                // object cannot be activated or is invalid
                synchronized(this) {
                    _numActive--;
                    notifyAll();
                }
                try {
                    _factory.destroyObject(pair.value);
                } 
                catch (Exception e2) {
                    // cannot destroy broken object 
                }
                if(newlyCreated) {
                    throw new NoSuchElementException("Could not create a validated object, cause: " + e.getMessage());
                } 
                else {
                    continue; // keep looping
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void invalidateObject(Object obj) throws Exception {
        assertOpen();
        try {
            _factory.destroyObject(obj);
        }
        finally {
            synchronized(this) {
                _numActive--;
                notifyAll(); // _numActive has changed
            }
        }
    }

    public synchronized void clear() {
        assertOpen();
        for(Iterator it = _pool.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
            try {
                _factory.destroyObject(((ObjectTimestampPair)(it.next())).value);
            } catch(Exception e) {
                // ignore error, keep destroying the rest
            }
            it.remove();
        }
        _pool.clear();
        notifyAll(); // num sleeping has changed
    }

    public synchronized int getNumActive() {
        assertOpen();
        return _numActive;
    }

    public synchronized int getNumIdle() {
        assertOpen();
        return _pool.size();
    }

    public void returnObject(Object obj) throws Exception {
        assertOpen();
        addObjectToPool(obj, true);
    }
        
    private void addObjectToPool(Object obj, boolean decrementNumActive) throws Exception {
        boolean success = true;
        if(_testOnReturn && !(_factory.validateObject(obj))) {
            success = false;
        } else {
            try {
                _factory.passivateObject(obj);
            } catch(Exception e) {
                success = false;
            }
        }

        boolean shouldDestroy = !success;

        synchronized(this) {
            if (decrementNumActive) {
                _numActive--;
            }
            if((_maxIdle >= 0) && (_pool.size() >= _maxIdle)) {
                shouldDestroy = true;
            } else if(success) {
                _pool.addFirst(new ObjectTimestampPair(obj));
            }
            notifyAll(); // _numActive has changed
        }

        if(shouldDestroy) {
            try {
                _factory.destroyObject(obj);
            } catch(Exception e) {
                // ignored
            }
        }
    }

    public synchronized void close() throws Exception {
        clear();
        _pool = null;
        _factory = null;
        if(null != _evictionCursor) {
            _evictionCursor.close();
            _evictionCursor = null;
        }
        startEvictor(-1L);
        super.close();
    }

    public synchronized void setFactory(PoolableObjectFactory factory) throws IllegalStateException {
        assertOpen();
        if(0 < getNumActive()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Objects are already active");
        } else {
            clear();
            _factory = factory;
        }
    }

    public synchronized void evict() throws Exception {
        assertOpen();
        if(!_pool.isEmpty()) {
            if(null == _evictionCursor) {
                _evictionCursor = (_pool.cursor(_pool.size()));
            } else if(!_evictionCursor.hasPrevious()) {
                _evictionCursor.close();
                _evictionCursor = (_pool.cursor(_pool.size()));
            }
            for(int i=0,m=getNumTests();i<m;i++) {
                if(!_evictionCursor.hasPrevious()) {
                    _evictionCursor.close();
                    _evictionCursor = (_pool.cursor(_pool.size()));
                } else {
                    boolean removeObject = false;
                    ObjectTimestampPair pair = (ObjectTimestampPair)(_evictionCursor.previous());
                    if(_minEvictableIdleTimeMillis > 0 &&
                       System.currentTimeMillis() - pair.tstamp > _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
                       removeObject = true;
                    } else if(_testWhileIdle) {
                        boolean active = false;
                        try {
                            _factory.activateObject(pair.value);
                            active = true;
                        } catch(Exception e) {
                            removeObject=true;
                        }
                        if(active) {
                            if(!_factory.validateObject(pair.value)) {
                                removeObject=true;
                            } else {
                                try {
                                    _factory.passivateObject(pair.value);
                                } catch(Exception e) {
                                    removeObject=true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(removeObject) {
                        try {
                            _evictionCursor.remove();
                            _factory.destroyObject(pair.value);
                        } catch(Exception e) {
                            ; // ignored
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } // if !empty
    }
    
    /**
     * Check to see if we are below our minimum number of objects
     * if so enough to bring us back to our minimum.
     */
    private void ensureMinIdle() throws Exception {
        // this method isn't synchronized so the
        // calculateDeficit is done at the beginning
        // as a loop limit and a second time inside the loop
        // to stop when another thread already returned the
        // needed objects
        int objectDeficit = calculateDeficit();
        for ( int j = 0 ; j < objectDeficit && calculateDeficit() > 0 ; j++ ) {
            addObject();
        }
    }

    private synchronized int calculateDeficit() {
        int objectDeficit = getMinIdle() - getNumIdle();
        if (_maxActive > 0) {
            int growLimit = Math.max(0, getMaxActive() - getNumActive() - getNumIdle());
            objectDeficit = Math.min(objectDeficit, growLimit);
        }
        return objectDeficit;
    } 

    /**
     * Create an object, and place it into the pool.
     * addObject() is useful for "pre-loading" a pool with idle objects.
     */
    public void addObject() throws Exception {
        Object obj = _factory.makeObject();
        addObjectToPool(obj, false);
    }
    
    //--- non-public methods ----------------------------------------

    /**
     * Start the eviction thread or service, or when
     * <i>delay</i> is non-positive, stop it
     * if it is already running.
     */
    protected synchronized void startEvictor(long delay) {
        if(null != _evictor) {
            _evictor.cancel();
            _evictor = null;
        }
        if(delay > 0) {
            _evictor = new Evictor(delay);
            Thread t = new Thread(_evictor);
            t.setDaemon(true);
            t.start();
        }
    }

    synchronized String debugInfo() {
        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
        buf.append("Active: ").append(getNumActive()).append("\n");
        buf.append("Idle: ").append(getNumIdle()).append("\n");
        buf.append("Idle Objects:\n");
        Iterator it = _pool.iterator();
        long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
        while(it.hasNext()) {
            ObjectTimestampPair pair = (ObjectTimestampPair)(it.next());
            buf.append("\t").append(pair.value).append("\t").append(time - pair.tstamp).append("\n");
        }
        return buf.toString();
    }

    private int getNumTests() {
        if(_numTestsPerEvictionRun >= 0) {
            return _numTestsPerEvictionRun;
        } else {
            return(int)(Math.ceil((double)_pool.size()/Math.abs((double)_numTestsPerEvictionRun)));
        }
    }

    //--- inner classes ----------------------------------------------

    /**
     * A simple "struct" encapsulating an object instance and a timestamp.
     */
    class ObjectTimestampPair {
        Object value;
        long tstamp;

        ObjectTimestampPair(Object val) {
            this(val,System.currentTimeMillis());
        }

        ObjectTimestampPair(Object val, long time) {
            value = val;
            tstamp = time;
        }
    }

    /**
     * The idle object evictor thread.
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    class Evictor implements Runnable {
        private boolean _cancelled = false;
        private long _delay = 0L;

        public Evictor(long delay) {
            _delay = delay;
        }

        void cancel() {
            _cancelled = true;
        }

        public void run() {
            while(!_cancelled) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(_delay);
                } catch(Exception e) {
                    // ignored
                }
                try {
                    evict();
                } catch(Exception e) {
                    // ignored
                }
                try {
                    ensureMinIdle();
                } catch(Exception e) {
                    // ignored
                }
            }
            synchronized(GenericObjectPool.this) {
                if(null != _evictionCursor) {
                    _evictionCursor.close();
                    _evictionCursor = null;
                }
            }
        }

    }

    /**
     * A simple "struct" encapsulating the
     * configuration information for a {@link GenericObjectPool}.
     * @see GenericObjectPool#GenericObjectPool(org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory,org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool.Config)
     * @see GenericObjectPool#setConfig
     */
    public static class Config {
        public int maxIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE;
        public int minIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE;
        public int maxActive = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE;
        public long maxWait = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT;
        public byte whenExhaustedAction = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION;
        public boolean testOnBorrow = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW;
        public boolean testOnReturn = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN;
        public boolean testWhileIdle = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE;
        public long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS;
        public int numTestsPerEvictionRun =  GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN;
        public long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = GenericObjectPool.DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
    }

    //--- private attributes ---------------------------------------

    /**
     * The cap on the number of idle instances in the pool.
     * @see #setMaxIdle
     * @see #getMaxIdle
     */
    private int _maxIdle = DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE;

    /**
    * The cap on the minimum number of idle instances in the pool.
    * @see #setMinIdle
    * @see #getMinIdle
    */
   private int _minIdle = DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE;

    /**
     * The cap on the total number of active instances from the pool.
     * @see #setMaxActive
     * @see #getMaxActive
     */
    private int _maxActive = DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVE;

    /**
     * The maximum amount of time (in millis) the
     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
     * {@link #getWhenExhaustedAction "when exhausted" action} is
     * {@link #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK}.
     *
     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * may block indefinitely.
     *
     * @see #setMaxWait
     * @see #getMaxWait
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    private long _maxWait = DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT;

    /**
     * The action to take when the {@link #borrowObject} method
     * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
     * of "active" objects has been reached).
     *
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_FAIL
     * @see #WHEN_EXHAUSTED_GROW
     * @see #DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION
     * @see #setWhenExhaustedAction
     * @see #getWhenExhaustedAction
     */
    private byte _whenExhaustedAction = DEFAULT_WHEN_EXHAUSTED_ACTION;

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
     * to borrow another.
     *
     * @see #setTestOnBorrow
     * @see #getTestOnBorrow
     */
    private boolean _testOnBorrow = DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW;

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * before being returned to the pool within the
     * {@link #returnObject}.
     *
     * @see #getTestOnReturn
     * @see #setTestOnReturn
     */
    private boolean _testOnReturn = DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN;

    /**
     * When <tt>true</tt>, objects will be
     * {@link PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
     *
     * @see #setTestWhileIdle
     * @see #getTestWhileIdle
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    private boolean _testWhileIdle = DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE;

    /**
     * The number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
     * idle object evictor thread.
     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
     * run.
     *
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    private long _timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS;

    /**
     * The number of objects to examine during each run of the
     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
     * <p>
     * When a negative value is supplied, <tt>ceil({@link #getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</tt>
     * tests will be run.  I.e., when the value is <i>-n</i>, roughly one <i>n</i>th of the
     * idle objects will be tested per run.
     *
     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    private int _numTestsPerEvictionRun =  DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN;

    /**
     * The minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
     * before it is eligable for eviction by the idle object evictor
     * (if any).
     * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
     * due to idle time alone.
     *
     * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
     */
    private long _minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;

    /** My pool. */
    private CursorableLinkedList _pool = null;

    /** My {@link PoolableObjectFactory}. */
    private PoolableObjectFactory _factory = null;

    /**
     * The number of objects {@link #borrowObject} borrowed
     * from the pool, but not yet returned.
     */
    private int _numActive = 0;

    /**
     * My idle object eviction thread, if any.
     */
    private Evictor _evictor = null;

    private CursorableLinkedList.Cursor _evictionCursor = null;
}