/*
 * @(#)AWTEventMulticaster.java	1.25 00/02/02
 *
 * Copyright 1996-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * 
 * This software is the proprietary information of Sun Microsystems, Inc.  
 * Use is subject to license terms.
 * 
 */
package java.awt;

import java.awt.event.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.util.EventListener;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.EventListener;


/**
 * A class which implements efficient and thread-safe multi-cast event 
 * dispatching for the AWT events defined in the java.awt.event package.  
 * This class will manage an immutable structure consisting of a chain of 
 * event listeners and will dispatch events to those listeners.  Because
 * the structure is immutable, it is safe to use this API to add/remove
 * listeners during the process of an event dispatch operation.
 *
 * An example of how this class could be used to implement a new
 * component which fires "action" events:
 *
 * <pre><code>
 * public myComponent extends Component {
 *     ActionListener actionListener = null;
 *
 *     public synchronized void addActionListener(ActionListener l) {
 *	   actionListener = AWTEventMulticaster.add(actionListener, l);
 *     }
 *     public synchronized void removeActionListener(ActionListener l) {
 *  	   actionListener = AWTEventMulticaster.remove(actionListener, l);
 *     }
 *     public void processEvent(AWTEvent e) {
 *         // when event occurs which causes "action" semantic
 *         if (actionListener != null) {
 *             actionListener.actionPerformed(new ActionEvent());
 *         }         
 * }
 * </code></pre>
 *
 * @author      John Rose
 * @author 	Amy Fowler
 * @version 	1.25, 02/02/00
 * @since 	1.1
 */

public class AWTEventMulticaster implements 
    ComponentListener, ContainerListener, FocusListener, KeyListener,
    MouseListener, MouseMotionListener, WindowListener,
    ActionListener, ItemListener, AdjustmentListener,
    TextListener, InputMethodListener, HierarchyListener,
    HierarchyBoundsListener {

    protected final EventListener a, b;

    /**
     * Creates an event multicaster instance which chains listener-a
     * with listener-b. Input parameters <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> 
     * should not be <code>null</code>, though implementations may vary in 
     * choosing whether or not to throw <code>NullPointerException</code> 
     * in that case.
     * @param a listener-a
     * @param b listener-b
     */ 
    protected AWTEventMulticaster(EventListener a, EventListener b) {
	this.a = a; this.b = b;
    }

    /**
     * Removes a listener from this multicaster and returns the
     * resulting multicast listener.
     * @param oldl the listener to be removed
     */
    protected EventListener remove(EventListener oldl) {
	if (oldl == a)  return b;
	if (oldl == b)  return a;
	EventListener a2 = removeInternal(a, oldl);
	EventListener b2 = removeInternal(b, oldl);
	if (a2 == a && b2 == b) {
	    return this;	// it's not here
	}
	return addInternal(a2, b2);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentResized event by invoking the
     * componentResized methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e) {
        ((ComponentListener)a).componentResized(e);
        ((ComponentListener)b).componentResized(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentMoved event by invoking the
     * componentMoved methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {
        ((ComponentListener)a).componentMoved(e);
        ((ComponentListener)b).componentMoved(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentShown event by invoking the
     * componentShown methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {
        ((ComponentListener)a).componentShown(e);
        ((ComponentListener)b).componentShown(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentHidden event by invoking the
     * componentHidden methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {
        ((ComponentListener)a).componentHidden(e);
        ((ComponentListener)b).componentHidden(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentAdded container event by invoking the
     * componentAdded methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentAdded(ContainerEvent e) {
        ((ContainerListener)a).componentAdded(e);
        ((ContainerListener)b).componentAdded(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the componentRemoved container event by invoking the
     * componentRemoved methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the component event
     */
    public void componentRemoved(ContainerEvent e) {
        ((ContainerListener)a).componentRemoved(e);
        ((ContainerListener)b).componentRemoved(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the focusGained event by invoking the
     * focusGained methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the focus event
     */
    public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {
        ((FocusListener)a).focusGained(e);
        ((FocusListener)b).focusGained(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the focusLost event by invoking the
     * focusLost methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the focus event
     */
    public void focusLost(FocusEvent e) {
        ((FocusListener)a).focusLost(e);
        ((FocusListener)b).focusLost(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the keyTyped event by invoking the
     * keyTyped methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the key event
     */
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
        ((KeyListener)a).keyTyped(e);
        ((KeyListener)b).keyTyped(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the keyPressed event by invoking the
     * keyPressed methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the key event
     */
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        ((KeyListener)a).keyPressed(e);
        ((KeyListener)b).keyPressed(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the keyReleased event by invoking the
     * keyReleased methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the key event
     */
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {
        ((KeyListener)a).keyReleased(e);
        ((KeyListener)b).keyReleased(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseClicked event by invoking the
     * mouseClicked methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseListener)a).mouseClicked(e);
        ((MouseListener)b).mouseClicked(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mousePressed event by invoking the
     * mousePressed methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseListener)a).mousePressed(e);
        ((MouseListener)b).mousePressed(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseReleased event by invoking the
     * mouseReleased methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseListener)a).mouseReleased(e);
        ((MouseListener)b).mouseReleased(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseEntered event by invoking the
     * mouseEntered methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseListener)a).mouseEntered(e);
        ((MouseListener)b).mouseEntered(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseExited event by invoking the
     * mouseExited methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseListener)a).mouseExited(e);
        ((MouseListener)b).mouseExited(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseDragged event by invoking the
     * mouseDragged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseMotionListener)a).mouseDragged(e);
        ((MouseMotionListener)b).mouseDragged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the mouseMoved event by invoking the
     * mouseMoved methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the mouse event
     */
    public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {
        ((MouseMotionListener)a).mouseMoved(e);
        ((MouseMotionListener)b).mouseMoved(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowOpened event by invoking the
     * windowOpened methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowOpened(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowOpened(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowClosing event by invoking the
     * windowClosing methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowClosing(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowClosing(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowClosed event by invoking the
     * windowClosed methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowClosed(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowClosed(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowIconified event by invoking the
     * windowIconified methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowIconified(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowIconified(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowDeiconfied event by invoking the
     * windowDeiconified methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowDeiconified(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowDeiconified(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowActivated event by invoking the
     * windowActivated methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowActivated(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowActivated(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the windowDeactivated event by invoking the
     * windowDeactivated methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the window event
     */
    public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) {
        ((WindowListener)a).windowDeactivated(e);
        ((WindowListener)b).windowDeactivated(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the actionPerformed event by invoking the
     * actionPerformed methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the action event
     */
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        ((ActionListener)a).actionPerformed(e);
        ((ActionListener)b).actionPerformed(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the itemStateChanged event by invoking the
     * itemStateChanged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
        ((ItemListener)a).itemStateChanged(e);
        ((ItemListener)b).itemStateChanged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the adjustmentValueChanged event by invoking the
     * adjustmentValueChanged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the adjustment event
     */
    public void adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent e) {
        ((AdjustmentListener)a).adjustmentValueChanged(e);
        ((AdjustmentListener)b).adjustmentValueChanged(e);
    }
    public void textValueChanged(TextEvent e) {
        ((TextListener)a).textValueChanged(e);
        ((TextListener)b).textValueChanged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the inputMethodTextChanged event by invoking the
     * inputMethodTextChanged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void inputMethodTextChanged(InputMethodEvent e) {
       ((InputMethodListener)a).inputMethodTextChanged(e);
       ((InputMethodListener)b).inputMethodTextChanged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the caretPositionChanged event by invoking the
     * caretPositionChanged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void caretPositionChanged(InputMethodEvent e) {
       ((InputMethodListener)a).caretPositionChanged(e);
       ((InputMethodListener)b).caretPositionChanged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the hierarchyChanged event by invoking the
     * hierarchyChanged methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void hierarchyChanged(HierarchyEvent e) {
        ((HierarchyListener)a).hierarchyChanged(e);
        ((HierarchyListener)b).hierarchyChanged(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the ancestorMoved event by invoking the
     * ancestorMoved methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void ancestorMoved(HierarchyEvent e) {
        ((HierarchyBoundsListener)a).ancestorMoved(e);
        ((HierarchyBoundsListener)b).ancestorMoved(e);
    }

    /**
     * Handles the ancestorResized event by invoking the
     * ancestorResized methods on listener-a and listener-b.
     * @param e the item event
     */
    public void ancestorResized(HierarchyEvent e) {
        ((HierarchyBoundsListener)a).ancestorResized(e);
        ((HierarchyBoundsListener)b).ancestorResized(e);
    }

    /**
     * Adds component-listener-a with component-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a component-listener-a
     * @param b component-listener-b
     */
    public static ComponentListener add(ComponentListener a, ComponentListener b) {
        return (ComponentListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds container-listener-a with container-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a container-listener-a
     * @param b container-listener-b
     */
    public static ContainerListener add(ContainerListener a, ContainerListener b) {
        return (ContainerListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds focus-listener-a with focus-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a focus-listener-a
     * @param b focus-listener-b
     */
    public static FocusListener add(FocusListener a, FocusListener b) {
        return (FocusListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds key-listener-a with key-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a key-listener-a
     * @param b key-listener-b
     */
    public static KeyListener add(KeyListener a, KeyListener b) {
        return (KeyListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds mouse-listener-a with mouse-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a mouse-listener-a
     * @param b mouse-listener-b
     */
    public static MouseListener add(MouseListener a, MouseListener b) {
        return (MouseListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds mouse-motion-listener-a with mouse-motion-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a mouse-motion-listener-a
     * @param b mouse-motion-listener-b
     */
    public static MouseMotionListener add(MouseMotionListener a, MouseMotionListener b) {
        return (MouseMotionListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds window-listener-a with window-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a window-listener-a
     * @param b window-listener-b
     */
    public static WindowListener add(WindowListener a, WindowListener b) {
        return (WindowListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds action-listener-a with action-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a action-listener-a
     * @param b action-listener-b
     */
    public static ActionListener add(ActionListener a, ActionListener b) {
        return (ActionListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds item-listener-a with item-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a item-listener-a
     * @param b item-listener-b
     */
    public static ItemListener add(ItemListener a, ItemListener b) {
        return (ItemListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds adjustment-listener-a with adjustment-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a adjustment-listener-a
     * @param b adjustment-listener-b
     */
    public static AdjustmentListener add(AdjustmentListener a, AdjustmentListener b) {
        return (AdjustmentListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }
    public static TextListener add(TextListener a, TextListener b) {
        return (TextListener)addInternal(a, b);
    }

    /**
     * Adds input-method-listener-a with input-method-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a input-method-listener-a
     * @param b input-method-listener-b
     */
     public static InputMethodListener add(InputMethodListener a, InputMethodListener b) {
        return (InputMethodListener)addInternal(a, b);
     }

    /**
     * Adds hierarchy-listener-a with hierarchy-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a hierarchy-listener-a
     * @param b hierarchy-listener-b
     */
     public static HierarchyListener add(HierarchyListener a, HierarchyListener b) {
        return (HierarchyListener)addInternal(a, b);
     }

    /**
     * Adds hierarchy-bounds-listener-a with hierarchy-bounds-listener-b and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param a hierarchy-bounds-listener-a
     * @param b hierarchy-bounds-listener-b
     */
     public static HierarchyBoundsListener add(HierarchyBoundsListener a, HierarchyBoundsListener b) {
        return (HierarchyBoundsListener)addInternal(a, b);
     }

    /**
     * Removes the old component-listener from component-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l component-listener-l
     * @param oldl the component-listener being removed
     */
    public static ComponentListener remove(ComponentListener l, ComponentListener oldl) {
	return (ComponentListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old container-listener from container-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l container-listener-l
     * @param oldl the container-listener being removed
     */
    public static ContainerListener remove(ContainerListener l, ContainerListener oldl) {
	return (ContainerListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old focus-listener from focus-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l focus-listener-l
     * @param oldl the focus-listener being removed
     */
    public static FocusListener remove(FocusListener l, FocusListener oldl) {
	return (FocusListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old key-listener from key-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l key-listener-l
     * @param oldl the key-listener being removed
     */
    public static KeyListener remove(KeyListener l, KeyListener oldl) {
	return (KeyListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old mouse-listener from mouse-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l mouse-listener-l
     * @param oldl the mouse-listener being removed
     */
    public static MouseListener remove(MouseListener l, MouseListener oldl) {
	return (MouseListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old mouse-motion-listener from mouse-motion-listener-l 
     * and returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l mouse-motion-listener-l
     * @param oldl the mouse-motion-listener being removed
     */
    public static MouseMotionListener remove(MouseMotionListener l, MouseMotionListener oldl) {
	return (MouseMotionListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old window-listener from window-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l window-listener-l
     * @param oldl the window-listener being removed
     */
    public static WindowListener remove(WindowListener l, WindowListener oldl) {
	return (WindowListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old action-listener from action-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l action-listener-l
     * @param oldl the action-listener being removed
     */
    public static ActionListener remove(ActionListener l, ActionListener oldl) {
	return (ActionListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old item-listener from item-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l item-listener-l
     * @param oldl the item-listener being removed
     */
    public static ItemListener remove(ItemListener l, ItemListener oldl) {
	return (ItemListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old adjustment-listener from adjustment-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l adjustment-listener-l
     * @param oldl the adjustment-listener being removed
     */
    public static AdjustmentListener remove(AdjustmentListener l, AdjustmentListener oldl) {
	return (AdjustmentListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }
    public static TextListener remove(TextListener l, TextListener oldl) {
	return (TextListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old input-method-listener from input-method-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l input-method-listener-l
     * @param oldl the input-method-listener being removed
     */
    public static InputMethodListener remove(InputMethodListener l, InputMethodListener oldl) {
        return (InputMethodListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old hierarchy-listener from hierarchy-listener-l and
     * returns the resulting multicast listener.
     * @param l hierarchy-listener-l
     * @param oldl the hierarchy-listener being removed
     */
    public static HierarchyListener remove(HierarchyListener l, HierarchyListener oldl) {
        return (HierarchyListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the old hierarchy-bounds-listener from
     * hierarchy-bounds-listener-l and returns the resulting multicast
     * listener.
     * @param l hierarchy-bounds-listener-l
     * @param oldl the hierarchy-bounds-listener being removed
     */
    public static HierarchyBoundsListener remove(HierarchyBoundsListener l, HierarchyBoundsListener oldl) {
        return (HierarchyBoundsListener) removeInternal(l, oldl);
    }

    /** 
     * Returns the resulting multicast listener from adding listener-a
     * and listener-b together.  
     * If listener-a is null, it returns listener-b;  
     * If listener-b is null, it returns listener-a
     * If neither are null, then it creates and returns
     * a new AWTEventMulticaster instance which chains a with b.
     * @param a event listener-a
     * @param b event listener-b
     */
    protected static EventListener addInternal(EventListener a, EventListener b) {
	if (a == null)  return b;
	if (b == null)  return a;
	return new AWTEventMulticaster(a, b);
    }

    /** 
     * Returns the resulting multicast listener after removing the
     * old listener from listener-l.
     * If listener-l equals the old listener OR listener-l is null, 
     * returns null.
     * Else if listener-l is an instance of AWTEventMulticaster, 
     * then it removes the old listener from it.
     * Else, returns listener l.
     * @param l the listener being removed from
     * @param oldl the listener being removed
     */
    protected static EventListener removeInternal(EventListener l, EventListener oldl) {
	if (l == oldl || l == null) {
	    return null;
	} else if (l instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) {
	    return ((AWTEventMulticaster)l).remove(oldl);
	} else {
	    return l;		// it's not here
	}
    }
      

    /* Serialization support.  
     */

    protected void saveInternal(ObjectOutputStream s, String k) throws IOException {
        if (a instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) {
	    ((AWTEventMulticaster)a).saveInternal(s, k);
        }
        else if (a instanceof Serializable) {
            s.writeObject(k);
            s.writeObject(a);
        }
        
        if (b instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) {
	    ((AWTEventMulticaster)b).saveInternal(s, k);
        }
        else if (b instanceof Serializable) {
            s.writeObject(k);
            s.writeObject(b);
        }
    }

    protected static void save(ObjectOutputStream s, String k, EventListener l) throws IOException {
      if (l == null) {
          return;
      } 
      else if (l instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) {
          ((AWTEventMulticaster)l).saveInternal(s, k);
      }
      else if (l instanceof Serializable) {
           s.writeObject(k);
           s.writeObject(l);
      }
    }
    
    private static int getListenerCount(EventListener l) { 
        if (l instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) { 
            AWTEventMulticaster mc = (AWTEventMulticaster)l; 
            return getListenerCount(mc.a) + getListenerCount(mc.b); 
        }
        // Delete nulls. 
        else { 
            return (l == null) ? 0 : 1; 
        } 
    }
    
    private static int populateListenerArray(EventListener[] a, EventListener l, int index) { 
        if (l instanceof AWTEventMulticaster) { 
            AWTEventMulticaster mc = (AWTEventMulticaster)l; 
            int lhs = populateListenerArray(a, mc.a, index); 
            return populateListenerArray(a, mc.b, lhs); 
        }
        else if (l != null) { 
            a[index] = l; 
            return index + 1; 
        } 
        // Delete nulls. 
        else { 
            return index; 
        }
    }
    
    static EventListener[] getListeners(EventListener l, Class listenerType) { 
        int n = getListenerCount(l); 
        EventListener[] result = (EventListener[])Array.newInstance(listenerType, n); 
        populateListenerArray(result, l, 0); 
        return result; 
    }
}