/*
 * Copyright 1999-2004 The Apache Software Foundation.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
/*
 * $Id: XMLString.java,v 1.4 2004/02/17 04:21:14 minchau Exp $
 */
package com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils;

import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * This class is meant to be an interface to character strings, whether they
 * be java Strings or <code>com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.utils.FastStringBuffer</code>s, or
 * other character data.  By using XMLString, character copies can be reduced
 * in the XML pipeline.
 */
public interface XMLString
{

  /**
   * Directly call the
   * characters method on the passed ContentHandler for the
   * string-value. Multiple calls to the
   * ContentHandler's characters methods may well occur for a single call to
   * this method.
   *
   * @param ch A non-null reference to a ContentHandler.
   *
   * @throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
   */
  public abstract void dispatchCharactersEvents(org.xml.sax.ContentHandler ch)
    throws org.xml.sax.SAXException;

  /**
   * Directly call the
   * comment method on the passed LexicalHandler for the
   * string-value.
   *
   * @param lh A non-null reference to a LexicalHandler.
   *
   * @throws org.xml.sax.SAXException
   */
  public abstract void dispatchAsComment(org.xml.sax.ext.LexicalHandler lh)
    throws org.xml.sax.SAXException;
    
  /**
   * Conditionally trim all leading and trailing whitespace in the specified String.
   * All strings of white space are
   * replaced by a single space character (#x20), except spaces after punctuation which
   * receive double spaces if doublePunctuationSpaces is true.
   * This function may be useful to a formatter, but to get first class
   * results, the formatter should probably do it's own white space handling
   * based on the semantics of the formatting object.
   * 
   * @param   trimHead    Trim leading whitespace?
   * @param   trimTail    Trim trailing whitespace?
   * @param   doublePunctuationSpaces    Use double spaces for punctuation?
   * @return              The trimmed string.
   */
  public XMLString fixWhiteSpace(boolean trimHead,
                                 boolean trimTail,
                                 boolean doublePunctuationSpaces);

  /**
   * Returns the length of this string.
   *
   * @return  the length of the sequence of characters represented by this
   *          object.
   */
  public abstract int length();

  /**
   * Returns the character at the specified index. An index ranges
   * from <code>0</code> to <code>length() - 1</code>. The first character
   * of the sequence is at index <code>0</code>, the next at index
   * <code>1</code>, and so on, as for array indexing.
   *
   * @param      index   the index of the character.
   * @return     the character at the specified index of this string.
   *             The first character is at index <code>0</code>.
   * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if the <code>index</code>
   *             argument is negative or not less than the length of this
   *             string.
   */
  public abstract char charAt(int index);

  /**
   * Copies characters from this string into the destination character
   * array.
   *
   * @param      srcBegin   index of the first character in the string
   *                        to copy.
   * @param      srcEnd     index after the last character in the string
   *                        to copy.
   * @param      dst        the destination array.
   * @param      dstBegin   the start offset in the destination array.
   * @exception IndexOutOfBoundsException If any of the following
   *            is true:
   *            <ul><li><code>srcBegin</code> is negative.
   *            <li><code>srcBegin</code> is greater than <code>srcEnd</code>
   *            <li><code>srcEnd</code> is greater than the length of this
   *                string
   *            <li><code>dstBegin</code> is negative
   *            <li><code>dstBegin+(srcEnd-srcBegin)</code> is larger than
   *                <code>dst.length</code></ul>
   * @exception NullPointerException if <code>dst</code> is <code>null</code>
   */
  public abstract void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char dst[],
                                int dstBegin);
                                
  /**
   * Compares this string to the specified object.
   * The result is <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is not
   * <code>null</code> and is a <code>String</code> object that represents
   * the same sequence of characters as this object.
   *
   * @param   anObject   the object to compare this <code>String</code>
   *                     against.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the <code>String </code>are equal;
   *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
   * @see     java.lang.String#compareTo(java.lang.String)
   * @see     java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String)
   */
  public abstract boolean equals(XMLString anObject);


  /**
   * Compares this string to the specified object.
   * The result is <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is not
   * <code>null</code> and is a <code>String</code> object that represents
   * the same sequence of characters as this object.
   *
   * @param   anObject   the object to compare this <code>String</code>
   *                     against.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the <code>String </code>are equal;
   *          <code>false</code> otherwise.
   * @see     java.lang.String#compareTo(java.lang.String)
   * @see     java.lang.String#equalsIgnoreCase(java.lang.String)
   */
  public abstract boolean equals(Object anObject);

  /**
   * Compares this <code>String</code> to another <code>String</code>,
   * ignoring case considerations.  Two strings are considered equal
   * ignoring case if they are of the same length, and corresponding
   * characters in the two strings are equal ignoring case.
   *
   * @param   anotherString   the <code>String</code> to compare this
   *                          <code>String</code> against.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the argument is not <code>null</code>
   *          and the <code>String</code>s are equal,
   *          ignoring case; <code>false</code> otherwise.
   * @see     #equals(Object)
   * @see     java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char)
   * @see java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)
   */
  public abstract boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString);

  /**
   * Compares two strings lexicographically.
   *
   * @param   anotherString   the <code>String</code> to be compared.
   * @return  the value <code>0</code> if the argument string is equal to
   *          this string; a value less than <code>0</code> if this string
   *          is lexicographically less than the string argument; and a
   *          value greater than <code>0</code> if this string is
   *          lexicographically greater than the string argument.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>anotherString</code>
   *          is <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract int compareTo(XMLString anotherString);

  /**
   * Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case considerations.
   * This method returns an integer whose sign is that of
   * <code>this.toUpperCase().toLowerCase().compareTo(
   * str.toUpperCase().toLowerCase())</code>.
   * <p>
   * Note that this method does <em>not</em> take locale into account,
   * and will result in an unsatisfactory ordering for certain locales.
   * The java.text package provides <em>collators</em> to allow
   * locale-sensitive ordering.
   *
   * @param   str   the <code>String</code> to be compared.
   * @return  a negative integer, zero, or a positive integer as the
   *          the specified String is greater than, equal to, or less
   *          than this String, ignoring case considerations.
   * @see     java.text.Collator#compare(String, String)
   * @since   1.2
   */
  public abstract int compareToIgnoreCase(XMLString str);

  /**
   * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix beginning
   * a specified index.
   *
   * @param   prefix    the prefix.
   * @param   toffset   where to begin looking in the string.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the character sequence represented by the
   *          argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting
   *          at index <code>toffset</code> <code>false</code> otherwise.
   *          The result is <code>false</code> if <code>toffset</code> is
   *          negative or greater than the length of this
   *          <code>String</code> object; otherwise the result is the same
   *          as the result of the expression
   *          <pre>
   *          this.subString(toffset).startsWith(prefix)
   *          </pre>
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset);

  /**
   * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix beginning
   * a specified index.
   *
   * @param   prefix    the prefix.
   * @param   toffset   where to begin looking in the string.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the character sequence represented by the
   *          argument is a prefix of the substring of this object starting
   *          at index <code>toffset</code> <code>false</code> otherwise.
   *          The result is <code>false</code> if <code>toffset</code> is
   *          negative or greater than the length of this
   *          <code>String</code> object; otherwise the result is the same
   *          as the result of the expression
   *          <pre>
   *          this.subString(toffset).startsWith(prefix)
   *          </pre>
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract boolean startsWith(XMLString prefix, int toffset);

  /**
   * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
   *
   * @param   prefix   the prefix.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the character sequence represented by the
   *          argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by
   *          this string; <code>false</code> otherwise.
   *          Note also that <code>true</code> will be returned if the
   *          argument is an empty string or is equal to this
   *          <code>String</code> object as determined by the
   *          {@link #equals(Object)} method.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   * @since   JDK1. 0
   */
  public abstract boolean startsWith(String prefix);

  /**
   * Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
   *
   * @param   prefix   the prefix.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the character sequence represented by the
   *          argument is a prefix of the character sequence represented by
   *          this string; <code>false</code> otherwise.
   *          Note also that <code>true</code> will be returned if the
   *          argument is an empty string or is equal to this
   *          <code>String</code> object as determined by the
   *          {@link #equals(Object)} method.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>prefix</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   * @since   JDK1. 0
   */
  public abstract boolean startsWith(XMLString prefix);

  /**
   * Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
   *
   * @param   suffix   the suffix.
   * @return  <code>true</code> if the character sequence represented by the
   *          argument is a suffix of the character sequence represented by
   *          this object; <code>false</code> otherwise. Note that the
   *          result will be <code>true</code> if the argument is the
   *          empty string or is equal to this <code>String</code> object
   *          as determined by the {@link #equals(Object)} method.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>suffix</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract boolean endsWith(String suffix);

  /**
   * Returns a hashcode for this string. The hashcode for a
   * <code>String</code> object is computed as
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * using <code>int</code> arithmetic, where <code>s[i]</code> is the
   * <i>i</i>th character of the string, <code>n</code> is the length of
   * the string, and <code>^</code> indicates exponentiation.
   * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
   *
   * @return  a hash code value for this object.
   */
  public abstract int hashCode();

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
   * specified character. If a character with value <code>ch</code> occurs
   * in the character sequence represented by this <code>String</code>
   * object, then the index of the first such occurrence is returned --
   * that is, the smallest value <i>k</i> such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.charAt(<i>k</i>) == ch
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is <code>true</code>. If no such character occurs in this string,
   * then <code>-1</code> is returned.
   *
   * @param   ch   a character.
   * @return  the index of the first occurrence of the character in the
   *          character sequence represented by this object, or
   *          <code>-1</code> if the character does not occur.
   */
  public abstract int indexOf(int ch);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
   * specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
   * <p>
   * If a character with value <code>ch</code> occurs in the character
   * sequence represented by this <code>String</code> object at an index
   * no smaller than <code>fromIndex</code>, then the index of the first
   * such occurrence is returned--that is, the smallest value <i>k</i>
   * such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * (this.charAt(<i>k</i>) == ch) && (<i>k</i> >= fromIndex)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is true. If no such character occurs in this string at or after
   * position <code>fromIndex</code>, then <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * <p>
   * There is no restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex</code>. If it
   * is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire
   * string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this
   * string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of
   * this string: <code>-1</code> is returned.
   *
   * @param   ch          a character.
   * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from.
   * @return  the index of the first occurrence of the character in the
   *          character sequence represented by this object that is greater
   *          than or equal to <code>fromIndex</code>, or <code>-1</code>
   *          if the character does not occur.
   */
  public abstract int indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the
   * specified character. That is, the index returned is the largest
   * value <i>k</i> such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.charAt(<i>k</i>) == ch
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is true.
   * The String is searched backwards starting at the last character.
   *
   * @param   ch   a character.
   * @return  the index of the last occurrence of the character in the
   *          character sequence represented by this object, or
   *          <code>-1</code> if the character does not occur.
   */
  public abstract int lastIndexOf(int ch);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the
   * specified character, searching backward starting at the specified
   * index. That is, the index returned is the largest value <i>k</i>
   * such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.charAt(k) == ch) && (k <= fromIndex)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is true.
   *
   * @param   ch          a character.
   * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from. There is no
   *          restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex</code>. If it is
   *          greater than or equal to the length of this string, it has
   *          the same effect as if it were equal to one less than the
   *          length of this string: this entire string may be searched.
   *          If it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were -1:
   *          -1 is returned.
   * @return  the index of the last occurrence of the character in the
   *          character sequence represented by this object that is less
   *          than or equal to <code>fromIndex</code>, or <code>-1</code>
   *          if the character does not occur before that point.
   */
  public abstract int lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
   * specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value
   * <i>k</i> such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.startsWith(str, <i>k</i>)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is <code>true</code>.
   *
   * @param   str   any string.
   * @return  if the string argument occurs as a substring within this
   *          object, then the index of the first character of the first
   *          such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a
   *          substring, <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract int indexOf(String str);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
   * specified substring. The integer returned is the smallest value
   * <i>k</i> such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.startsWith(str, <i>k</i>)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is <code>true</code>.
   *
   * @param   str   any string.
   * @return  if the string argument occurs as a substring within this
   *          object, then the index of the first character of the first
   *          such substring is returned; if it does not occur as a
   *          substring, <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract int indexOf(XMLString str);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the
   * specified substring, starting at the specified index. The integer
   * returned is the smallest value <i>k</i> such that:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.startsWith(str, <i>k</i>) && (<i>k</i> >= fromIndex)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is <code>true</code>.
   * <p>
   * There is no restriction on the value of <code>fromIndex</code>. If
   * it is negative, it has the same effect as if it were zero: this entire
   * string may be searched. If it is greater than the length of this
   * string, it has the same effect as if it were equal to the length of
   * this string: <code>-1</code> is returned.
   *
   * @param   str         the substring to search for.
   * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from.
   * @return  If the string argument occurs as a substring within this
   *          object at a starting index no smaller than
   *          <code>fromIndex</code>, then the index of the first character
   *          of the first such substring is returned. If it does not occur
   *          as a substring starting at <code>fromIndex</code> or beyond,
   *          <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>
   */
  public abstract int indexOf(String str, int fromIndex);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence
   * of the specified substring.  The rightmost empty string "" is
   * considered to occur at the index value <code>this.length()</code>.
   * The returned index is the largest value <i>k</i> such that
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * this.startsWith(str, k)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   * is true.
   *
   * @param   str   the substring to search for.
   * @return  if the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring
   *          within this object, then the index of the first character of
   *          the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as
   *          a substring, <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException  if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract int lastIndexOf(String str);

  /**
   * Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of
   * the specified substring.
   *
   * @param   str         the substring to search for.
   * @param   fromIndex   the index to start the search from. There is no
   *          restriction on the value of fromIndex. If it is greater than
   *          the length of this string, it has the same effect as if it
   *          were equal to the length of this string: this entire string
   *          may be searched. If it is negative, it has the same effect
   *          as if it were -1: -1 is returned.
   * @return  If the string argument occurs one or more times as a substring
   *          within this object at a starting index no greater than
   *          <code>fromIndex</code>, then the index of the first character of
   *          the last such substring is returned. If it does not occur as a
   *          substring starting at <code>fromIndex</code> or earlier,
   *          <code>-1</code> is returned.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract int lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex);

  /**
   * Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The
   * substring begins with the character at the specified index and
   * extends to the end of this string. <p>
   * Examples:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * "unhappy".substring(2) returns "happy"
   * "Harbison".substring(3) returns "bison"
   * "emptiness".substring(9) returns "" (an empty string)
   * </pre></blockquote>
   *
   * @param      beginIndex   the beginning index, inclusive.
   * @return     the specified substring.
   * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if
   *             <code>beginIndex</code> is negative or larger than the
   *             length of this <code>String</code> object.
   */
  public abstract XMLString substring(int beginIndex);

  /**
   * Returns a new string that is a substring of this string. The
   * substring begins at the specified <code>beginIndex</code> and
   * extends to the character at index <code>endIndex - 1</code>.
   * Thus the length of the substring is <code>endIndex-beginIndex</code>.
   *
   * @param      beginIndex   the beginning index, inclusive.
   * @param      endIndex     the ending index, exclusive.
   * @return     the specified substring.
   * @exception  IndexOutOfBoundsException  if the
   *             <code>beginIndex</code> is negative, or
   *             <code>endIndex</code> is larger than the length of
   *             this <code>String</code> object, or
   *             <code>beginIndex</code> is larger than
   *             <code>endIndex</code>.
   */
  public abstract XMLString substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex);

  /**
   * Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
   *
   * @param   str   the <code>String</code> that is concatenated to the end
   *                of this <code>String</code>.
   * @return  a string that represents the concatenation of this object's
   *          characters followed by the string argument's characters.
   * @exception java.lang.NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is
   *          <code>null</code>.
   */
  public abstract XMLString concat(String str);

  /**
   * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String</code> to lower
   * case using the rules of the given <code>Locale</code>.
   *
   * @param locale use the case transformation rules for this locale
   * @return the String, converted to lowercase.
   * @see     java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char)
   * @see     java.lang.String#toUpperCase(Locale)
   */
  public abstract XMLString toLowerCase(Locale locale);

  /**
   * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String</code> to lower
   * case using the rules of the default locale, which is returned
   * by <code>Locale.getDefault</code>.
   * <p>
   *
   * @return  the string, converted to lowercase.
   * @see     java.lang.Character#toLowerCase(char)
   * @see     java.lang.String#toLowerCase(Locale)
   */
  public abstract XMLString toLowerCase();

  /**
   * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String</code> to upper
   * case using the rules of the given locale.
   * @param locale use the case transformation rules for this locale
   * @return the String, converted to uppercase.
   * @see     java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)
   * @see     java.lang.String#toLowerCase(Locale)
   */
  public abstract XMLString toUpperCase(Locale locale);

  /**
   * Converts all of the characters in this <code>String</code> to upper
   * case using the rules of the default locale, which is returned
   * by <code>Locale.getDefault</code>.
   *
   * <p>
   * If no character in this string has a different uppercase version,
   * based on calling the <code>toUpperCase</code> method defined by
   * <code>Character</code>, then the original string is returned.
   * <p>
   * Otherwise, this method creates a new <code>String</code> object
   * representing a character sequence identical in length to the
   * character sequence represented by this <code>String</code> object and
   * with every character equal to the result of applying the method
   * <code>Character.toUpperCase</code> to the corresponding character of
   * this <code>String</code> object. <p>
   * Examples:
   * <blockquote><pre>
   * "Fahrvergngen".toUpperCase() returns "FAHRVERGNGEN"
   * "Visit Ljubinje!".toUpperCase() returns "VISIT LJUBINJE!"
   * </pre></blockquote>
   *
   * @return  the string, converted to uppercase.
   * @see     java.lang.Character#toUpperCase(char)
   * @see     java.lang.String#toUpperCase(Locale)
   */
  public abstract XMLString toUpperCase();

  /**
   * Removes white space from both ends of this string.
   * <p>
   * If this <code>String</code> object represents an empty character
   * sequence, or the first and last characters of character sequence
   * represented by this <code>String</code> object both have codes
   * greater than <code>'\u0020'</code> (the space character), then a
   * reference to this <code>String</code> object is returned.
   * <p>
   * Otherwise, if there is no character with a code greater than
   * <code>'\u0020'</code> in the string, then a new
   * <code>String</code> object representing an empty string is created
   * and returned.
   * <p>
   * Otherwise, let <i>k</i> be the index of the first character in the
   * string whose code is greater than <code>'\u0020'</code>, and let
   * <i>m</i> be the index of the last character in the string whose code
   * is greater than <code>'\u0020'</code>. A new <code>String</code>
   * object is created, representing the substring of this string that
   * begins with the character at index <i>k</i> and ends with the
   * character at index <i>m</i>-that is, the result of
   * <code>this.substring(<i>k</i>, <i>m</i>+1)</code>.
   * <p>
   * This method may be used to trim
   * {@link Character#isSpace(char) whitespace} from the beginning and end
   * of a string; in fact, it trims all ASCII control characters as well.
   *
   * @return  this string, with white space removed from the front and end.
   */
  public abstract XMLString trim();

  /**
   * This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
   *
   * @return  the string itself.
   */
  public abstract String toString();
  
  /**
   * Tell if this object contains a java String object.
   * 
   * @return true if this XMLString can return a string without creating one.
   */
  public abstract boolean hasString();
  
  /**
   * Convert a string to a double -- Allowed input is in fixed
   * notation ddd.fff.
   *
   * @return A double value representation of the string, or return Double.NaN 
   * if the string can not be converted.
   */
  public double toDouble();
}