/*
 * @(#)Field.java	1.42 04/05/11
 *
 * Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.lang.reflect;

import sun.reflect.FieldAccessor;
import sun.reflect.Reflection;
import sun.reflect.generics.repository.FieldRepository;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.Map;
import sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationParser;


/**
 * A <code>Field</code> provides information about, and dynamic access to, a
 * single field of a class or an interface.  The reflected field may
 * be a class (static) field or an instance field.
 *
 * <p>A <code>Field</code> permits widening conversions to occur during a get or
 * set access operation, but throws an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code> if a
 * narrowing conversion would occur.
 *
 * @see Member
 * @see java.lang.Class
 * @see java.lang.Class#getFields()
 * @see java.lang.Class#getField(String)
 * @see java.lang.Class#getDeclaredFields()
 * @see java.lang.Class#getDeclaredField(String)
 *
 * @author Kenneth Russell
 * @author Nakul Saraiya
 */
public final
class Field extends AccessibleObject implements Member {

    private Class		clazz;
    private int			slot;
    // This is guaranteed to be interned by the VM in the 1.4
    // reflection implementation
    private String		name;
    private Class		type;
    private int			modifiers;
    // Generics and annotations support
    private transient String    signature;
    // generic info repository; lazily initialized
    private transient FieldRepository genericInfo;
    private byte[]              annotations;
    // Cached field accessor created without override
    private FieldAccessor fieldAccessor;
    // Cached field accessor created with override
    private FieldAccessor overrideFieldAccessor;    
    // For sharing of FieldAccessors. This branching structure is
    // currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Field and
    // potentially many Field objects pointing to it.)
    private Field               root;

    // More complicated security check cache needed here than for
    // Class.newInstance() and Constructor.newInstance()
    private volatile Class      securityCheckTargetClassCache;

    // Generics infrastructure

    private String getGenericSignature() {return signature;}

    // Accessor for factory
    private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
	Class<?> c = getDeclaringClass();
	// create scope and factory
	return CoreReflectionFactory.make(c, ClassScope.make(c)); 
    }

    // Accessor for generic info repository
    private FieldRepository getGenericInfo() {
	// lazily initialize repository if necessary
	if (genericInfo == null) {
	    // create and cache generic info repository
	    genericInfo = FieldRepository.make(getGenericSignature(), 
					       getFactory());
	}
	return genericInfo; //return cached repository
    }


    /**
     * Package-private constructor used by ReflectAccess to enable
     * instantiation of these objects in Java code from the java.lang
     * package via sun.reflect.LangReflectAccess.
     */
    Field(Class declaringClass,
          String name,
          Class type,
          int modifiers,
          int slot,
          String signature,
          byte[] annotations)
    {
        this.clazz = declaringClass;
        this.name = name;
        this.type = type;
        this.modifiers = modifiers;
        this.slot = slot;
        this.signature = signature;
        this.annotations = annotations;
    }

    /**
     * Package-private routine (exposed to java.lang.Class via
     * ReflectAccess) which returns a copy of this Field. The copy's
     * "root" field points to this Field.
     */
    Field copy() {
        // This routine enables sharing of FieldAccessor objects
        // among Field objects which refer to the same underlying
        // method in the VM. (All of this contortion is only necessary
        // because of the "accessibility" bit in AccessibleObject,
        // which implicitly requires that new java.lang.reflect
        // objects be fabricated for each reflective call on Class
        // objects.)
        Field res = new Field(clazz, name, type, modifiers, slot, signature, annotations);
        res.root = this;
        // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present
        res.fieldAccessor = fieldAccessor;
        res.overrideFieldAccessor = overrideFieldAccessor;
        return res;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the <code>Class</code> object representing the class or interface
     * that declares the field represented by this <code>Field</code> object.
     */
    public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
	return clazz;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the name of the field represented by this <code>Field</code> object.
     */
    public String getName() {
	return name;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the Java language modifiers for the field represented
     * by this <code>Field</code> object, as an integer. The <code>Modifier</code> class should
     * be used to decode the modifiers.
     *
     * @see Modifier
     */
    public int getModifiers() {
	return modifiers;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this field represents an element of
     * an enumerated type; returns <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     *
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if and only if this field represents an element of
     * an enumerated type.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isEnumConstant() {
        return (getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0;
    }

    /**
     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this field is a synthetic
     * field; returns <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
     *
     * @return true if and only if this field is a synthetic
     * field as defined by the Java Language Specification.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public boolean isSynthetic() {
        return Modifier.isSynthetic(getModifiers());
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <code>Class</code> object that identifies the
     * declared type for the field represented by this
     * <code>Field</code> object.
     *
     * @return a <code>Class</code> object identifying the declared
     * type of the field represented by this object
     */
    public Class<?> getType() {
	return type;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <tt>Type</tt> object that represents the declared type for
     * the field represented by this <tt>Field</tt> object.
     * 
     * <p>If the <tt>Type</tt> is a parameterized type, the
     * <tt>Type</tt> object returned must accurately reflect the
     * actual type parameters used in the source code.
     * 
     * <p>If an the  type of the underlying field is a type variable or a
     * parameterized type, it is created. Otherwise, it is resolved.
     *
     * @return a <tt>Type</tt> object that represents the declared type for
     *     the field represented by this <tt>Field</tt> object
     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic field
     *     signature does not conform to the format specified in the Java
     *     Virtual Machine Specification, 3rd edition
     * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic type
     *     signature of the underlying field refers to a non-existent
     *     type declaration
     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the generic
     *     signature of the underlying field refers to a parameterized type
     *     that cannot be instantiated for any reason
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public Type getGenericType() {
	if (getGenericSignature() != null)
	    return getGenericInfo().getGenericType();
	else
	    return getType();
    }


    /**
     * Compares this <code>Field</code> against the specified object.  Returns
     * true if the objects are the same.  Two <code>Field</code> objects are the same if
     * they were declared by the same class and have the same name
     * and type.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	if (obj != null && obj instanceof Field) {
	    Field other = (Field)obj;
	    return (getDeclaringClass() == other.getDeclaringClass())
                && (getName() == other.getName())
		&& (getType() == other.getType());
	}
	return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a hashcode for this <code>Field</code>.  This is computed as the
     * exclusive-or of the hashcodes for the underlying field's
     * declaring class name and its name.
     */
    public int hashCode() {
	return getDeclaringClass().getName().hashCode() ^ getName().hashCode();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string describing this <code>Field</code>.  The format is
     * the access modifiers for the field, if any, followed
     * by the field type, followed by a space, followed by
     * the fully-qualified name of the class declaring the field,
     * followed by a period, followed by the name of the field.
     * For example:
     * <pre>
     *    public static final int java.lang.Thread.MIN_PRIORITY
     *    private int java.io.FileDescriptor.fd
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>The modifiers are placed in canonical order as specified by
     * "The Java Language Specification".  This is <tt>public</tt>,
     * <tt>protected</tt> or <tt>private</tt> first, and then other
     * modifiers in the following order: <tt>static</tt>, <tt>final</tt>,
     * <tt>transient</tt>, <tt>volatile</tt>.
     */
    public String toString() {
	int mod = getModifiers();
	return (((mod == 0) ? "" : (Modifier.toString(mod) + " "))
	    + getTypeName(getType()) + " "
	    + getTypeName(getDeclaringClass()) + "."
	    + getName());
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string describing this <code>Field</code>, including
     * its generic type.  The format is the access modifiers for the
     * field, if any, followed by the generic field type, followed by
     * a space, followed by the fully-qualified name of the class
     * declaring the field, followed by a period, followed by the name
     * of the field.
     *
     * <p>The modifiers are placed in canonical order as specified by
     * "The Java Language Specification".  This is <tt>public</tt>,
     * <tt>protected</tt> or <tt>private</tt> first, and then other
     * modifiers in the following order: <tt>static</tt>, <tt>final</tt>,
     * <tt>transient</tt>, <tt>volatile</tt>.
     *
     * @return a string describing this <code>Field</code>, including
     * its generic type
     *
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public String toGenericString() {
	int mod = getModifiers();
	Type fieldType = getGenericType();
	return (((mod == 0) ? "" : (Modifier.toString(mod) + " "))
	    +  ((fieldType instanceof Class) ?
		getTypeName((Class)fieldType): fieldType.toString())+ " "
	    + getTypeName(getDeclaringClass()) + "."
	    + getName());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the value of the field represented by this <code>Field</code>, on
     * the specified object. The value is automatically wrapped in an
     * object if it has a primitive type.
     *
     * <p>The underlying field's value is obtained as follows:
     *
     * <p>If the underlying field is a static field, the <code>obj</code> argument
     * is ignored; it may be null.
     *
     * <p>Otherwise, the underlying field is an instance field.  If the
     * specified <code>obj</code> argument is null, the method throws a
     * <code>NullPointerException.</code> If the specified object is not an
     * instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     * field, the method throws an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
     *
     * <p>If this <code>Field</code> object enforces Java language access control, and
     * the underlying field is inaccessible, the method throws an
     * <code>IllegalAccessException</code>.
     * If the underlying field is static, the class that declared the
     * field is initialized if it has not already been initialized. 
     *
     * <p>Otherwise, the value is retrieved from the underlying instance
     * or static field.  If the field has a primitive type, the value
     * is wrapped in an object before being returned, otherwise it is
     * returned as is.
     *
     * <p>If the field is hidden in the type of <code>obj</code>,
     * the field's value is obtained according to the preceding rules.
     *
     * @param obj object from which the represented field's value is
     * to be extracted
     * @return the value of the represented field in object
     * <tt>obj</tt> primitive values are wrapped in an appropriate
     * object before being returned
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof).
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     */
    public Object get(Object obj)
        throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).get(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance <code>boolean</code> field.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>boolean</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the <code>boolean</code> field
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>boolean</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public boolean getBoolean(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getBoolean(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance <code>byte</code> field.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>byte</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the <code>byte</code> field
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>byte</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public byte getByte(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getByte(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>char</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>char</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>char</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>char</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>char</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see Field#get
     */
    public char getChar(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getChar(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>short</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>short</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>short</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>short</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>short</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public short getShort(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getShort(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>int</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>int</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>int</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>int</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>int</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public int getInt(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getInt(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>long</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>long</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>long</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>long</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>long</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public long getLong(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getLong(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>float</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>float</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>float</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>float</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>float</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see Field#get
     */
    public float getFloat(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getFloat(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the value of a static or instance field of type
     * <code>double</code> or of another primitive type convertible to
     * type <code>double</code> via a widening conversion.
     *
     * @param obj the object to extract the <code>double</code> value
     * from
     * @return the value of the field converted to type <code>double</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not 
     *              an instance of the class or interface declaring the
     *              underlying field (or a subclass or implementor 
     *              thereof), or if the field value cannot be
     *              converted to the type <code>double</code> by a 
     *              widening conversion.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#get
     */
    public double getDouble(Object obj)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        return getFieldAccessor(obj).getDouble(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the field represented by this <code>Field</code> object on the
     * specified object argument to the specified new value. The new
     * value is automatically unwrapped if the underlying field has a
     * primitive type.
     *
     * <p>The operation proceeds as follows:
     *
     * <p>If the underlying field is static, the <code>obj</code> argument is
     * ignored; it may be null.
     *
     * <p>Otherwise the underlying field is an instance field.  If the
     * specified object argument is null, the method throws a
     * <code>NullPointerException</code>.  If the specified object argument is not
     * an instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     * field, the method throws an <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
     *
     * <p>If this <code>Field</code> object enforces Java language access control, and
     * the underlying field is inaccessible, the method throws an
     * <code>IllegalAccessException</code>.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying field is final, the method throws an
     * <code>IllegalAccessException</code> unless
     * <code>setAccessible(true)</code> has succeeded for this field
     * and this field is non-static. Setting a final field in this way
     * is meaningful only during deserialization or reconstruction of
     * instances of classes with blank final fields, before they are
     * made available for access by other parts of a program. Use in
     * any other context may have unpredictable effects, including cases
     * in which other parts of a program continue to use the original
     * value of this field.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying field is of a primitive type, an unwrapping
     * conversion is attempted to convert the new value to a value of
     * a primitive type.  If this attempt fails, the method throws an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
     *
     * <p>If, after possible unwrapping, the new value cannot be
     * converted to the type of the underlying field by an identity or
     * widening conversion, the method throws an
     * <code>IllegalArgumentException</code>.
     *
     * <p>If the underlying field is static, the class that declared the
     * field is initialized if it has not already been initialized.
     *
     * <p>The field is set to the possibly unwrapped and widened new value.
     *
     * <p>If the field is hidden in the type of <code>obj</code>,
     * the field's value is set according to the preceding rules.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param value the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     */
    public void set(Object obj, Object value)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).set(obj, value);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>boolean</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, zObj)</code>,
     * where <code>zObj</code> is a <code>Boolean</code> object and 
     * <code>zObj.booleanValue() == z</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param z   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setBoolean(Object obj, boolean z)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setBoolean(obj, z);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>byte</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, bObj)</code>,
     * where <code>bObj</code> is a <code>Byte</code> object and 
     * <code>bObj.byteValue() == b</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param b   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setByte(Object obj, byte b)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setByte(obj, b);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>char</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, cObj)</code>,
     * where <code>cObj</code> is a <code>Character</code> object and 
     * <code>cObj.charValue() == c</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param c   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setChar(Object obj, char c)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setChar(obj, c);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>short</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, sObj)</code>,
     * where <code>sObj</code> is a <code>Short</code> object and 
     * <code>sObj.shortValue() == s</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param s   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setShort(Object obj, short s)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setShort(obj, s);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as an <code>int</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, iObj)</code>,
     * where <code>iObj</code> is a <code>Integer</code> object and 
     * <code>iObj.intValue() == i</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param i   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setInt(Object obj, int i)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setInt(obj, i);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>long</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, lObj)</code>,
     * where <code>lObj</code> is a <code>Long</code> object and 
     * <code>lObj.longValue() == l</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param l   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setLong(Object obj, long l)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setLong(obj, l);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>float</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, fObj)</code>,
     * where <code>fObj</code> is a <code>Float</code> object and 
     * <code>fObj.floatValue() == f</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param f   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setFloat(Object obj, float f)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setFloat(obj, f);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the value of a field as a <code>double</code> on the specified object.
     * This method is equivalent to
     * <code>set(obj, dObj)</code>,
     * where <code>dObj</code> is a <code>Double</code> object and 
     * <code>dObj.doubleValue() == d</code>.
     *
     * @param obj the object whose field should be modified
     * @param d   the new value for the field of <code>obj</code>
     * being modified
     * 
     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if the underlying field
     *              is inaccessible.
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the specified object is not an
     *              instance of the class or interface declaring the underlying
     *              field (or a subclass or implementor thereof), 
     *              or if an unwrapping conversion fails.
     * @exception NullPointerException      if the specified object is null
     *              and the field is an instance field.
     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
     *              by this method fails.
     * @see       Field#set
     */
    public void setDouble(Object obj, double d)
	throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException
    {
        getFieldAccessor(obj).setDouble(obj, d);
    }

    // Convenience routine which performs security checks
    private FieldAccessor getFieldAccessor(Object obj)
        throws IllegalAccessException
    {
        doSecurityCheck(obj);
        boolean ov = override;
        FieldAccessor a = (ov)? overrideFieldAccessor : fieldAccessor;
        return (a != null)? a : acquireFieldAccessor(ov);
    }

    // NOTE that there is no synchronization used here. It is correct
    // (though not efficient) to generate more than one FieldAccessor
    // for a given Field. However, avoiding synchronization will
    // probably make the implementation more scalable.
    private FieldAccessor acquireFieldAccessor(boolean overrideFinalCheck) {
        // First check to see if one has been created yet, and take it
        // if so
        FieldAccessor tmp = null;
        if (root != null) tmp = root.getFieldAccessor(overrideFinalCheck);
        if (tmp != null) {
            if (overrideFinalCheck)
                overrideFieldAccessor = tmp;
            else
                fieldAccessor = tmp;
        } else {
            // Otherwise fabricate one and propagate it up to the root
            tmp = reflectionFactory.newFieldAccessor(this, overrideFinalCheck);
            setFieldAccessor(tmp, overrideFinalCheck);
        }
        return tmp;
    }

    // Returns FieldAccessor for this Field object, not looking up
    // the chain to the root
    private FieldAccessor getFieldAccessor(boolean overrideFinalCheck) {
        return (overrideFinalCheck)? overrideFieldAccessor : fieldAccessor;
    }

    // Sets the FieldAccessor for this Field object and
    // (recursively) its root
    private void setFieldAccessor(FieldAccessor accessor, boolean overrideFinalCheck) {
        if (overrideFinalCheck)
            overrideFieldAccessor = accessor;
        else
            fieldAccessor = accessor;
        // Propagate up
        if (root != null) {
            root.setFieldAccessor(accessor, overrideFinalCheck);
        }
    }

    // NOTE: be very careful if you change the stack depth of this
    // routine. The depth of the "getCallerClass" call is hardwired so
    // that the compiler can have an easier time if this gets inlined.
    private void doSecurityCheck(Object obj) throws IllegalAccessException {
        if (!override) {
            if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(clazz, modifiers)) {
                Class caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(4);
                Class targetClass = ((obj == null || !Modifier.isProtected(modifiers))
                                     ? clazz
                                     : obj.getClass());
                if (securityCheckCache != caller ||
                    targetClass != securityCheckTargetClassCache) {
                    Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, clazz, obj, modifiers);
                    securityCheckCache = caller;
                    securityCheckTargetClassCache = targetClass;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
     * Utility routine to paper over array type names
     */
    static String getTypeName(Class type) {
	if (type.isArray()) {
	    try {
		Class cl = type;
		int dimensions = 0;
		while (cl.isArray()) {
		    dimensions++;
		    cl = cl.getComponentType();
		}
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		sb.append(cl.getName());
		for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
		    sb.append("[]");
		}
		return sb.toString();
	    } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
	}
	return type.getName();
    }

    public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationClass) {
        if (annotationClass == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        return (T) declaredAnnotations().get(annotationClass);
    }

    private static final Annotation[] EMPTY_ANNOTATION_ARRAY=new Annotation[0];

    public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
        return declaredAnnotations().values().toArray(EMPTY_ANNOTATION_ARRAY);
    }

    private transient Map<Class, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;

    private synchronized  Map<Class, Annotation> declaredAnnotations() {
        if (declaredAnnotations == null) {
            declaredAnnotations = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
                annotations, sun.misc.SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().
                getConstantPool(getDeclaringClass()),
                getDeclaringClass());
        }
        return declaredAnnotations;
    }
}