/*
 * @(#)XmlSupport.java	1.7 04/01/12
 *
 * Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.util.prefs;

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.*;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;

/**
 * XML Support for java.util.prefs. Methods to import and export preference
 * nodes and subtrees.
 *
 * @author  Josh Bloch and Mark Reinhold
 * @version 1.7, 01/12/04
 * @see     Preferences
 * @since   1.4
 */
class XmlSupport {
    // The required DTD URI for exported preferences
    private static final String PREFS_DTD_URI =
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/preferences.dtd";

    // The actual DTD corresponding to the URI
    private static final String PREFS_DTD =
        "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>" +

        "<!-- DTD for preferences -->"               +

        "<!ELEMENT preferences (root) >"             +
        "<!ATTLIST preferences"                      +
        " EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION CDATA \"0.0\"  >"     +

        "<!ELEMENT root (map, node*) >"              +
        "<!ATTLIST root"                             +
        "          type (system|user) #REQUIRED >"   +

        "<!ELEMENT node (map, node*) >"              +
        "<!ATTLIST node"                             +
        "          name CDATA #REQUIRED >"           +

        "<!ELEMENT map (entry*) >"                   +
        "<!ATTLIST map"                              +
        "  MAP_XML_VERSION CDATA \"0.0\"  >"         +
        "<!ELEMENT entry EMPTY >"                    +
        "<!ATTLIST entry"                            +
        "          key CDATA #REQUIRED"              +
        "          value CDATA #REQUIRED >"          ;
    /**
     * Version number for the format exported preferences files.
     */
    private static final String EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION = "1.0";
    
    /*
     * Version number for the internal map files.
     */
    private static final String MAP_XML_VERSION = "1.0";
    
    /**
     * Export the specified preferences node and, if subTree is true, all
     * subnodes, to the specified output stream.  Preferences are exported as
     * an XML document conforming to the definition in the Preferences spec.
     *
     * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream
     *         results in an <tt>IOException</tt>.
     * @throws BackingStoreException if preference data cannot be read from
     *         backing store.
     * @throws IllegalStateException if this node (or an ancestor) has been
     *         removed with the {@link #removeNode()} method.
     */
    static void export(OutputStream os, final Preferences p, boolean subTree)
        throws IOException, BackingStoreException {
        if (((AbstractPreferences)p).isRemoved()) 
            throw new IllegalStateException("Node has been removed");                
        Document doc = createPrefsDoc("preferences");
        Element preferences =  doc.getDocumentElement() ;
        preferences.setAttribute("EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION", EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION);
        Element xmlRoot =  (Element)
        preferences.appendChild(doc.createElement("root"));
        xmlRoot.setAttribute("type", (p.isUserNode() ? "user" : "system"));

        // Get bottom-up list of nodes from p to root, excluding root
        List ancestors = new ArrayList();
            
        for (Preferences kid = p, dad = kid.parent(); dad != null;
                                   kid = dad, dad = kid.parent()) {
            ancestors.add(kid);
        }
        Element e = xmlRoot;                        
        for (int i=ancestors.size()-1; i >= 0; i--) { 
            e.appendChild(doc.createElement("map"));
            e = (Element) e.appendChild(doc.createElement("node"));
            e.setAttribute("name", ((Preferences)ancestors.get(i)).name());
        }
        putPreferencesInXml(e, doc, p, subTree);

        writeDoc(doc, os);
    }

    /**
     * Put the preferences in the specified Preferences node into the
     * specified XML element which is assumed to represent a node
     * in the specified XML document which is assumed to conform to 
     * PREFS_DTD.  If subTree is true, create children of the specified
     * XML node conforming to all of the children of the specified
     * Preferences node and recurse.
     *
     * @throws BackingStoreException if it is not possible to read
     *         the preferences or children out of the specified
     *         preferences node.
     */
    private static void putPreferencesInXml(Element elt, Document doc,
               Preferences prefs, boolean subTree) throws BackingStoreException
    {   
        Preferences[] kidsCopy = null;
        String[] kidNames = null;
        
        // Node is locked to export its contents and get a 
        // copy of children, then lock is released,
        // and, if subTree = true, recursive calls are made on children
        synchronized (((AbstractPreferences)prefs).lock) {
            // Check if this node was concurrently removed. If yes
            // remove it from XML Document and return.
            if (((AbstractPreferences)prefs).isRemoved()) {
                elt.getParentNode().removeChild(elt);
                return;
            }
            // Put map in xml element            
            String[] keys = prefs.keys();
            Element map = (Element) elt.appendChild(doc.createElement("map"));
            for (int i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
                Element entry = (Element)
                    map.appendChild(doc.createElement("entry"));
                entry.setAttribute("key", keys[i]);
                // NEXT STATEMENT THROWS NULL PTR EXC INSTEAD OF ASSERT FAIL
                entry.setAttribute("value", prefs.get(keys[i], null));
            }
            // Recurse if appropriate
            if (subTree) {
                /* Get a copy of kids while lock is held */
                kidNames = prefs.childrenNames();
                kidsCopy = new Preferences[kidNames.length];
                for (int i = 0; i <  kidNames.length; i++)
                    kidsCopy[i] = prefs.node(kidNames[i]);                
            }
            // release lock
        }
        
        if (subTree) {
            for (int i=0; i < kidNames.length; i++) {
                Element xmlKid = (Element)
                    elt.appendChild(doc.createElement("node"));
                xmlKid.setAttribute("name", kidNames[i]);
                putPreferencesInXml(xmlKid, doc, kidsCopy[i], subTree);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Import preferences from the specified input stream, which is assumed
     * to contain an XML document in the format described in the Preferences
     * spec.
     *
     * @throws IOException if reading from the specified output stream
     *         results in an <tt>IOException</tt>.
     * @throws InvalidPreferencesFormatException Data on input stream does not
     *         constitute a valid XML document with the mandated document type.
     */
    static void importPreferences(InputStream is)
        throws IOException, InvalidPreferencesFormatException
    {
        try {
            Document doc = loadPrefsDoc(is);
            String xmlVersion = 
            ((Element)doc.getChildNodes().item(1)).getAttribute("EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION");
            if (xmlVersion.compareTo(EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION) > 0)
                throw new InvalidPreferencesFormatException(
                "Exported preferences file format version " + xmlVersion +
                " is not supported. This java installation can read" +
                " versions " + EXTERNAL_XML_VERSION + " or older. You may need" +
                " to install a newer version of JDK.");                            
            
            Element xmlRoot = (Element) doc.getChildNodes().item(1).
                                               getChildNodes().item(0);
            Preferences prefsRoot =
                (xmlRoot.getAttribute("type").equals("user") ?
                            Preferences.userRoot() : Preferences.systemRoot());
            ImportSubtree(prefsRoot, xmlRoot);
        } catch(SAXException e) {
            throw new InvalidPreferencesFormatException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create a new prefs XML document.
     */
    private static Document createPrefsDoc( String qname ) {
        try {
            DOMImplementation di = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().
                newDocumentBuilder().getDOMImplementation();
            DocumentType dt = di.createDocumentType(qname, null, PREFS_DTD_URI);
            return di.createDocument(null, qname, dt);
        } catch(ParserConfigurationException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Load an XML document from specified input stream, which must
     * have the requisite DTD URI.
     */
    private static Document loadPrefsDoc(InputStream in)
        throws SAXException, IOException
    {
        Resolver r = new Resolver();
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        dbf.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
        dbf.setValidating(true);
        dbf.setCoalescing(true);
        dbf.setIgnoringComments(true);
        try {
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            db.setEntityResolver(new Resolver());
            db.setErrorHandler(new EH());
            return db.parse(new InputSource(in));
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write XML document to the specified output stream.
     */
    private static final void writeDoc(Document doc, OutputStream out) 
        throws IOException
    {
        try {
            Transformer t = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer();
            t.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM, doc.getDoctype().getSystemId());
            t.transform(new DOMSource(doc), new StreamResult(out));
        } catch(TransformerException e) {
            throw new AssertionError(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Recursively traverse the specified preferences node and store
     * the described preferences into the system or current user
     * preferences tree, as appropriate.
     */
    private static void ImportSubtree(Preferences prefsNode, Element xmlNode) {
        NodeList xmlKids = xmlNode.getChildNodes();
        int numXmlKids = xmlKids.getLength();
        /*
         * We first lock the node, import its contents and get
         * child nodes. Then we unlock the node and go to children
         * Since some of the children might have been concurrently
         * deleted we check for this. 
         */
        Preferences[] prefsKids; 
        /* Lock the node */
        synchronized (((AbstractPreferences)prefsNode).lock) {
            //If removed, return silently 
            if (((AbstractPreferences)prefsNode).isRemoved())
                return;

            // Import any preferences at this node
            Element firstXmlKid = (Element) xmlKids.item(0);
            ImportPrefs(prefsNode, firstXmlKid);
            prefsKids = new Preferences[numXmlKids - 1];

            // Get involved children 
            for (int i=1; i < numXmlKids; i++) {
                Element xmlKid = (Element) xmlKids.item(i);
                prefsKids[i-1] = prefsNode.node(xmlKid.getAttribute("name"));
            }
        } // unlocked the node
        // import children
        for (int i=1; i < numXmlKids; i++)
            ImportSubtree(prefsKids[i-1], (Element)xmlKids.item(i));
    }

    /**
     * Import the preferences described by the specified XML element
     * (a map from a preferences document) into the specified
     * preferences node.
     */
    private static void ImportPrefs(Preferences prefsNode, Element map) {
        NodeList entries = map.getChildNodes();
        for (int i=0, numEntries = entries.getLength(); i < numEntries; i++) {
            Element entry = (Element) entries.item(i);
            prefsNode.put(entry.getAttribute("key"),
                          entry.getAttribute("value"));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Export the specified Map<String,String> to a map document on
     * the specified OutputStream as per the prefs DTD.  This is used
     * as the internal (undocumented) format for FileSystemPrefs.
     *
     * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream
     *         results in an <tt>IOException</tt>.
     */
    static void exportMap(OutputStream os, Map map) throws IOException {
        Document doc = createPrefsDoc("map");
        Element xmlMap = doc.getDocumentElement( ) ; 
        xmlMap.setAttribute("MAP_XML_VERSION", MAP_XML_VERSION);

        for (Iterator i = map.entrySet().iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
            Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry) i.next();
            Element xe = (Element)
                xmlMap.appendChild(doc.createElement("entry"));
            xe.setAttribute("key",   (String) e.getKey());
            xe.setAttribute("value", (String) e.getValue());
        }

        writeDoc(doc, os);
    }

    /**
     * Import Map from the specified input stream, which is assumed
     * to contain a map document as per the prefs DTD.  This is used
     * as the internal (undocumented) format for FileSystemPrefs.  The
     * key-value pairs specified in the XML document will be put into
     * the specified Map.  (If this Map is empty, it will contain exactly
     * the key-value pairs int the XML-document when this method returns.)
     *
     * @throws IOException if reading from the specified output stream
     *         results in an <tt>IOException</tt>.
     * @throws InvalidPreferencesFormatException Data on input stream does not
     *         constitute a valid XML document with the mandated document type.
     */
    static void importMap(InputStream is, Map m)
        throws IOException, InvalidPreferencesFormatException
    {
        try {
            Document doc = loadPrefsDoc(is);
            Element xmlMap = (Element) doc.getChildNodes().item(1);
            // check version
            String mapVersion = xmlMap.getAttribute("MAP_XML_VERSION");
            if (mapVersion.compareTo(MAP_XML_VERSION) > 0)
                throw new InvalidPreferencesFormatException(
                "Preferences map file format version " + mapVersion +
                " is not supported. This java installation can read" +
                " versions " + MAP_XML_VERSION + " or older. You may need" +
                " to install a newer version of JDK.");                
                
            NodeList entries = xmlMap.getChildNodes();
            for (int i=0, numEntries=entries.getLength(); i<numEntries; i++) {
                Element entry = (Element) entries.item(i);
                m.put(entry.getAttribute("key"), entry.getAttribute("value"));
            }
        } catch(SAXException e) {
            throw new InvalidPreferencesFormatException(e);
        }
    }

    private static class Resolver implements EntityResolver {
        public InputSource resolveEntity(String pid, String sid)
            throws SAXException
        {
            if (sid.equals(PREFS_DTD_URI)) {
                InputSource is;
                is = new InputSource(new StringReader(PREFS_DTD));
                is.setSystemId(PREFS_DTD_URI);
                return is;
            }
            throw new SAXException("Invalid system identifier: " + sid);
        }
    }

    private static class EH implements ErrorHandler {
        public void error(SAXParseException x) throws SAXException {
            throw x;
        }
        public void fatalError(SAXParseException x) throws SAXException {
            throw x;
        }
        public void warning(SAXParseException x) throws SAXException {
            throw x;
        }
    }
}