/*
 * @(#)Rectangle.java	1.65 03/01/23
 *
 * Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
 * SUN PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
 */

package java.awt;

import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;

/**
 * A <code>Rectangle</code> specifies an area in a coordinate space that is 
 * enclosed by the <code>Rectangle</code> object's top-left point 
 * (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) 
 * in the coordinate space, its width, and its height. 
 * <p>
 * A <code>Rectangle</code> object's <code>width</code> and
 * <code>height</code> are <code>public</code> fields. The constructors 
 * that create a <code>Rectangle</code>, and the methods that can modify 
 * one, do not prevent setting a negative value for width or height. 
 * <p>
 * A <code>Rectangle</code> whose width or height is negative is considered 
 * empty. If the <code>Rectangle</code> is empty, then the  
 * <code>isEmpty</code> method returns <code>true</code>. No point can be 
 * contained by or inside an empty <code>Rectangle</code>.  The 
 * values of <code>width</code> and <code>height</code>, however, are still 
 * valid.  An empty <code>Rectangle</code> still has a location in the 
 * coordinate space, and methods that change its size or location remain 
 * valid. The behavior of methods that operate on more than one 
 * <code>Rectangle</code> is undefined if any of the participating 
 * <code>Rectangle</code> objects has a negative 
 * <code>width</code> or <code>height</code>. These methods include 
 * <code>intersects</code>, <code>intersection</code>, and 
 * <code>union</code>. 
 *
 * @version 	1.65, 01/23/03
 * @author 	Sami Shaio
 * @since       JDK1.0
 */
public class Rectangle extends Rectangle2D
    implements Shape, java.io.Serializable
{

    /**
     * The <i>x</i> coordinate of the <code>Rectangle</code>.
     *
     * @serial
     * @see #setLocation(int, int) 
     * @see #getLocation()
     */
    public int x;

    /**
     * The <i>y</i> coordinate of the <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * 
     * @serial
     * @see #setLocation(int, int)
     * @see #getLocation()
     */
    public int y;

    /**
     * The width of the <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @serial
     * @see #setSize(int, int)
     * @see #getSize()
     * @since     JDK1.0.
     */
    public int width;

    /**
     * The height of the <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * 
     * @serial
     * @see #setSize(int, int)
     * @see #getSize()
     */
    public int height;

    /*
     * JDK 1.1 serialVersionUID 
     */
     private static final long serialVersionUID = -4345857070255674764L;
       
    /**
     * Initialize JNI field and method IDs
     */
    private static native void initIDs();
    
    static {
        /* ensure that the necessary native libraries are loaded */
        Toolkit.loadLibraries();
        if (!GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
            initIDs();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top-left corner 
     * is at (0, 0) in the coordinate space, and whose width and 
     * height are both zero. 
     */
    public Rectangle() {
    	this(0, 0, 0, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code>, initialized to match 
     * the values of the specified <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @param r  the <code>Rectangle</code> from which to copy initial values
     *           to a newly constructed <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @since JDK1.1
     */
    public Rectangle(Rectangle r) {
    	this(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top-left corner is 
     * specified as
     * (<code>x</code>, <code>y</code>) and whose width and height 
     * are specified by the arguments of the same name. 
     * @param     x the specified x coordinate
     * @param     y the specified y coordinate
     * @param     width    the width of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param     height   the height of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public Rectangle(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
	this.x = x;
	this.y = y;
	this.width = width;
	this.height = height;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top-left corner 
     * is at (0, 0) in the coordinate space, and whose width and 
     * height are specified by the arguments of the same name. 
     * @param width the width of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param height the height of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public Rectangle(int width, int height) {
	this(0, 0, width, height);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top-left corner is 
     * specified by the {@link Point} argument, and
     * whose width and height are specified by the 
     * {@link Dimension} argument. 
     * @param p a <code>Point</code> that is the top-left corner of 
     * the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param d a <code>Dimension</code>, representing the 
     * width and height of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public Rectangle(Point p, Dimension d) {
	this(p.x, p.y, d.width, d.height);
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top-left corner is the  
     * specified <code>Point</code>, and whose width and height are both zero. 
     * @param p a <code>Point</code> that is the top left corner 
     * of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public Rectangle(Point p) {
	this(p.x, p.y, 0, 0);
    }
    
    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>Rectangle</code> whose top left corner is  
     * (0, 0) and whose width and height are specified  
     * by the <code>Dimension</code> argument. 
     * @param d a <code>Dimension</code>, specifying width and height
     */
    public Rectangle(Dimension d) {
	this(0, 0, d.width, d.height);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the X coordinate of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> in 
     * <code>double</code> precision.
     * @return the x coordinate of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     */
    public double getX() {
	return x;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the Y coordinate of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> in 
     * <code>double</code> precision.
     * @return the y coordinate of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code>.    
     */
    public double getY() {
	return y;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the width of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> in 
     * <code>double</code> precision.
     * @return the width of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     */
    public double getWidth() {
	return width;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the height of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> in 
     * <code>double</code> precision.
     * @return the height of the bounding <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     */
    public double getHeight() {
	return height;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> of this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>getBounds</code> method of 
     * {@link Component}.
     * @return    a new <code>Rectangle</code>, equal to the 
     * bounding <code>Rectangle</code> for this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @see       java.awt.Component#getBounds
     * @see       #setBounds(Rectangle)
     * @see       #setBounds(int, int, int, int)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public Rectangle getBounds() {
	return new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
    }	

    /**
     * Return the high precision bounding box of this rectangle.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D getBounds2D() {
	return new Rectangle(x, y, width, height);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> of this <code>Rectangle</code> 
     * to match the specified <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setBounds</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param r the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @see       #getBounds
     * @see	  java.awt.Component#setBounds(java.awt.Rectangle)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setBounds(Rectangle r) {
	setBounds(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> of this 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified 
     * <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>width</code>, 
     * and <code>height</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setBounds</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param x the new x coordinate for the top-left
     *                    corner of this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param y the new y coordinate for the top-left
     *                    corner of this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param width the new width for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param height the new height for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @see       #getBounds
     * @see       java.awt.Component#setBounds(int, int, int, int)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setBounds(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    	reshape(x, y, width, height);
    }	

    /**
     * Sets the bounds of this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified 
     * <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>width</code>, 
     * and <code>height</code>.
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setBounds</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param x the x coordinate of the upper-left corner of 
     *                  the specified rectangle
     * @param y the y coordinate of the upper-left corner of 
     *                  the specified rectangle
     * @param width the new width for the <code>Dimension</code> object
     * @param height  the new height for the <code>Dimension</code> object
     */
    public void setRect(double x, double y, double width, double height) {
	int x0 = (int) Math.floor(x);
	int y0 = (int) Math.floor(y);
	int x1 = (int) Math.ceil(x+width);
	int y1 = (int) Math.ceil(y+height);
	setBounds(x0, y0, x1-x0, y1-y0);
    }	

    /**
     * Sets the bounding <code>Rectangle</code> of this 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified 
     * <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, <code>width</code>, 
     * and <code>height</code>.
     * <p>
     * @param x the new x coordinate for the top-left
     *                    corner of this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param y the new y coordinate for the top-left
     *                    corner of this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param width the new width for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param height the new height for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
     * replaced by <code>setBounds(int, int, int, int)</code>.
     */
    public void reshape(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
	this.x = x;
	this.y = y;
	this.width = width;
	this.height = height;
    }	

    /**
     * Returns the location of this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>getLocation</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @return the <code>Point</code> that is the top-left corner of
     *			this <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     * @see       java.awt.Component#getLocation
     * @see       #setLocation(Point)
     * @see       #setLocation(int, int)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public Point getLocation() {
	return new Point(x, y);
    }	

    /**
     * Moves this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified location.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setLocation</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param p the <code>Point</code> specifying the new location
     *                for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @see       java.awt.Component#setLocation(java.awt.Point)
     * @see       #getLocation
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setLocation(Point p) {
	setLocation(p.x, p.y);
    }	

    /**
     * Moves this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified location.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setLocation</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param x the x coordinate of the new location
     * @param y the y coordinate of the new location
     * @see       #getLocation
     * @see	  java.awt.Component#setLocation(int, int)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setLocation(int x, int y) {
	move(x, y);
    }	

    /**
     * Moves this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified location.
     * <p>
     * @param x the x coordinate of the new location
     * @param y the y coordinate of the new location
     * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
     * replaced by <code>setLocation(int, int)</code>.
     */
    public void move(int x, int y) {
	this.x = x;
	this.y = y;
    }	

    /**
     * Translates this <code>Rectangle</code> the indicated distance,
     * to the right along the x coordinate axis, and 
     * downward along the y coordinate axis.
     * @param x the distance to move this <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *                 along the x axis
     * @param y the distance to move this <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *                 along the y axis
     * @see       java.awt.Rectangle#setLocation(int, int)
     * @see       java.awt.Rectangle#setLocation(java.awt.Point)
     */
    public void translate(int x, int y) {
	this.x += x;
	this.y += y;
    }	

    /**
     * Gets the size of this <code>Rectangle</code>, represented by 
     * the returned <code>Dimension</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>getSize</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @return a <code>Dimension</code>, representing the size of
     *            this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @see       java.awt.Component#getSize
     * @see       #setSize(Dimension)
     * @see       #setSize(int, int)
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public Dimension getSize() {
	return new Dimension(width, height);
    }	

    /**
     * Sets the size of this <code>Rectangle</code> to match the 
     * specified <code>Dimension</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setSize</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param d the new size for the <code>Dimension</code> object
     * @see       java.awt.Component#setSize(java.awt.Dimension)
     * @see       #getSize
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setSize(Dimension d) {
	setSize(d.width, d.height);
    }	

    /**
     * Sets the size of this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified 
     * width and height.
     * <p>
     * This method is included for completeness, to parallel the
     * <code>setSize</code> method of <code>Component</code>.
     * @param width the new width for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param height the new height for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @see       java.awt.Component#setSize(int, int)
     * @see       #getSize
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public void setSize(int width, int height) {
    	resize(width, height);
    }	

    /**
     * Sets the size of this <code>Rectangle</code> to the specified 
     * width and height.
     * <p>
     * @param width the new width for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param height the new height for this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
     * replaced by <code>setSize(int, int)</code>.
     */
    public void resize(int width, int height) {
	this.width = width;
	this.height = height;
    }	

    /**
     * Checks whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> contains the 
     * specified <code>Point</code>.
     * @param p the <code>Point</code> to test
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the <code>Point</code> 
     *            (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) is inside this 
     * 		  <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public boolean contains(Point p) {
	return contains(p.x, p.y);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> contains the 
     * point at the specified location
     * (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>).
     * @param  x the specified x coordinate
     * @param  y the specified y coordinate
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the point 
     *            (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) is inside this 
     *		  <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public boolean contains(int x, int y) {
	return inside(x, y);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> entirely contains 
     * the specified <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @param     r   the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            is contained entirely inside this <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public boolean contains(Rectangle r) {
	return contains(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether this <code>Rectangle</code> entirely contains 
     * the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * at the specified location (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>) with the
     * specified dimensions (<i>W</i>, <i>H</i>).
     * @param     X the specified x coordinate
     * @param     Y the specified y coordinate
     * @param     W   the width of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @param     H   the height of the <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the <code>Rectangle</code> specified by
     *            (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>, <i>W</i>, <i>H</i>)
     *            is entirely enclosed inside this <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @since     JDK1.1
     */
    public boolean contains(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
	int w = this.width;
	int h = this.height;
	if ((w | h | W | H) < 0) {
	    // At least one of the dimensions is negative...
	    return false;
	}
	// Note: if any dimension is zero, tests below must return false...
	int x = this.x;
	int y = this.y;
	if (X < x || Y < y) {
	    return false;
	}
	w += x;
	W += X;
	if (W <= X) {
	    // X+W overflowed or W was zero, return false if...
	    // either original w or W was zero or
	    // x+w did not overflow or
	    // the overflowed x+w is smaller than the overflowed X+W
	    if (w >= x || W > w) return false;
	} else {
	    // X+W did not overflow and W was not zero, return false if...
	    // original w was zero or
	    // x+w did not overflow and x+w is smaller than X+W
	    if (w >= x && W > w) return false;
	}
	h += y;
	H += Y;
	if (H <= Y) {
	    if (h >= y || H > h) return false;
	} else {
	    if (h >= y && H > h) return false;
	}
	return true;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> contains the 
     * point at the specified location
     * (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>).
     * @param  X the specified x coordinate
     * @param  Y the specified y coordinate
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the point 
     *            (<i>X</i>, <i>Y</i>) is inside this 
     *		  <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
     * replaced by <code>contains(int, int)</code>.
     */
    public boolean inside(int X, int Y) {
	int w = this.width;
	int h = this.height;
	if ((w | h) < 0) {
	    // At least one of the dimensions is negative...
	    return false;
	}
	// Note: if either dimension is zero, tests below must return false...
	int x = this.x;
	int y = this.y;
	if (X < x || Y < y) {
	    return false;
	}
	w += x;
	h += y;
	//    overflow || intersect
	return ((w < x || w > X) &&
		(h < y || h > Y));
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> and the specified 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> intersect. Two rectangles intersect if 
     * their intersection is nonempty. 
     *
     * @param r the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the specified <code>Rectangle</code> 
     *            and this <code>Rectangle</code> intersect; 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean intersects(Rectangle r) {
	int tw = this.width;
	int th = this.height;
	int rw = r.width;
	int rh = r.height;
	if (rw <= 0 || rh <= 0 || tw <= 0 || th <= 0) {
	    return false;
	}
	int tx = this.x;
	int ty = this.y;
	int rx = r.x;
	int ry = r.y;
	rw += rx;
	rh += ry;
	tw += tx;
	th += ty;
	//      overflow || intersect
	return ((rw < rx || rw > tx) &&
		(rh < ry || rh > ty) &&
		(tw < tx || tw > rx) &&
		(th < ty || th > ry));
    }

    /**
     * Computes the intersection of this <code>Rectangle</code> with the 
     * specified <code>Rectangle</code>. Returns a new <code>Rectangle</code> 
     * that represents the intersection of the two rectangles.
     * If the two rectangles do not intersect, the result will be
     * an empty rectangle.
     *
     * @param     r   the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    the largest <code>Rectangle</code> contained in both the 
     *            specified <code>Rectangle</code> and in 
     *		  this <code>Rectangle</code> or if the rectangles
     *            do not intersect, an empty rectangle.
     */
    public Rectangle intersection(Rectangle r) {
	int tx1 = this.x;
	int ty1 = this.y;
	int rx1 = r.x;
	int ry1 = r.y;
	long tx2 = tx1; tx2 += this.width;
	long ty2 = ty1; ty2 += this.height;
	long rx2 = rx1; rx2 += r.width;
	long ry2 = ry1; ry2 += r.height;
	if (tx1 < rx1) tx1 = rx1;
	if (ty1 < ry1) ty1 = ry1;
	if (tx2 > rx2) tx2 = rx2;
	if (ty2 > ry2) ty2 = ry2;
	tx2 -= tx1;
	ty2 -= ty1;
	// tx2,ty2 will never overflow (they will never be
	// larger than the smallest of the two source w,h)
	// they might underflow, though...
	if (tx2 < Integer.MIN_VALUE) tx2 = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	if (ty2 < Integer.MIN_VALUE) ty2 = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
	return new Rectangle(tx1, ty1, (int) tx2, (int) ty2);
    }

    /**
     * Computes the union of this <code>Rectangle</code> with the 
     * specified <code>Rectangle</code>. Returns a new 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> that 
     * represents the union of the two rectangles
     * @param r the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    the smallest <code>Rectangle</code> containing both 
     *		  the specified <code>Rectangle</code> and this 
     *		  <code>Rectangle</code>.
     */
    public Rectangle union(Rectangle r) {
	int x1 = Math.min(x, r.x);
	int x2 = Math.max(x + width, r.x + r.width);
	int y1 = Math.min(y, r.y);
	int y2 = Math.max(y + height, r.y + r.height);
	return new Rectangle(x1, y1, x2 - x1, y2 - y1);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a point, specified by the integer arguments <code>newx</code>
     * and <code>newy</code>, to this <code>Rectangle</code>. The 
     * resulting <code>Rectangle</code> is
     * the smallest <code>Rectangle</code> that contains both the 
     * original <code>Rectangle</code> and the specified point.
     * <p>
     * After adding a point, a call to <code>contains</code> with the 
     * added point as an argument does not necessarily return
     * <code>true</code>. The <code>contains</code> method does not 
     * return <code>true</code> for points on the right or bottom 
     * edges of a <code>Rectangle</code>. Therefore, if the added point 
     * falls on the right or bottom edge of the enlarged 
     * <code>Rectangle</code>, <code>contains</code> returns 
     * <code>false</code> for that point.
     * @param newx the x coordinate of the new point
     * @param newy the y coordinate of the new point
     */
    public void add(int newx, int newy) {
	int x1 = Math.min(x, newx);
	int x2 = Math.max(x + width, newx);
	int y1 = Math.min(y, newy);
	int y2 = Math.max(y + height, newy);
	x = x1;
	y = y1;
	width = x2 - x1;
	height = y2 - y1;
    }

    /**
     * Adds the specified <code>Point</code> to this 
     * <code>Rectangle</code>. The resulting <code>Rectangle</code> 
     * is the smallest <code>Rectangle</code> that contains both the 
     * original <code>Rectangle</code> and the specified 
     * <code>Point</code>.
     * <p>
     * After adding a <code>Point</code>, a call to <code>contains</code> 
     * with the added <code>Point</code> as an argument does not 
     * necessarily return <code>true</code>. The <code>contains</code> 
     * method does not return <code>true</code> for points on the right 
     * or bottom edges of a <code>Rectangle</code>. Therefore if the added 
     * <code>Point</code> falls on the right or bottom edge of the 
     * enlarged <code>Rectangle</code>, <code>contains</code> returns 
     * <code>false</code> for that <code>Point</code>.
     * @param pt the new <code>Point</code> to add to this 
     *           <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public void add(Point pt) {
	add(pt.x, pt.y);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a <code>Rectangle</code> to this <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     * The resulting <code>Rectangle</code> is the union of the two
     * rectangles. 
     * @param  r the specified <code>Rectangle</code>
     */
    public void add(Rectangle r) {
	int x1 = Math.min(x, r.x);
	int x2 = Math.max(x + width, r.x + r.width);
	int y1 = Math.min(y, r.y);
	int y2 = Math.max(y + height, r.y + r.height);
	x = x1;
	y = y1;
	width = x2 - x1;
	height = y2 - y1;
    }

    /**
     * Resizes the <code>Rectangle</code> both horizontally and vertically.
     * <p>
     * This method modifies the <code>Rectangle</code> so that it is 
     * <code>h</code> units larger on both the left and right side, 
     * and <code>v</code> units larger at both the top and bottom. 
     * <p>
     * The new <code>Rectangle</code> has (<code>x - h</code>, 
     * <code>y - v</code>) as its top-left corner, a 
     * width of 
     * <code>width</code> <code>+</code> <code>2h</code>, 
     * and a height of 
     * <code>height</code> <code>+</code> <code>2v</code>. 
     * <p>
     * If negative values are supplied for <code>h</code> and 
     * <code>v</code>, the size of the <code>Rectangle</code> 
     * decreases accordingly. 
     * The <code>grow</code> method does not check whether the resulting 
     * values of <code>width</code> and <code>height</code> are 
     * non-negative. 
     * @param h the horizontal expansion
     * @param v the vertical expansion
     */
    public void grow(int h, int v) {
	x -= h;
	y -= v;
	width += h * 2;
	height += v * 2;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether or not this <code>Rectangle</code> is empty. A 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> is empty if its width or its height is less 
     * than or equal to zero. 
     * @return     <code>true</code> if this <code>Rectangle</code> is empty; 
     *             <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
	return (width <= 0) || (height <= 0);
    }

    /**
     * Determines where the specified coordinates lie with respect
     * to this <code>Rectangle</code>.  
     * This method computes a binary OR of the appropriate mask values
     * indicating, for each side of this <code>Rectangle</code>, 
     * whether or not the specified coordinates are on the same side of the
     * edge as the rest of this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @param x the specified x coordinate
     * @param y the specified y coordinate
     * @return the logical OR of all appropriate out codes.
     * @see #OUT_LEFT
     * @see #OUT_TOP
     * @see #OUT_RIGHT
     * @see #OUT_BOTTOM
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public int outcode(double x, double y) {
	/*
	 * Note on casts to double below.  If the arithmetic of
	 * x+w or y+h is done in int, then we may get integer
	 * overflow. By converting to double before the addition
	 * we force the addition to be carried out in double to
	 * avoid overflow in the comparison.
	 *
	 * See bug 4320890 for problems that this can cause.
	 */
	int out = 0;
	if (this.width <= 0) {
	    out |= OUT_LEFT | OUT_RIGHT;
	} else if (x < this.x) {
	    out |= OUT_LEFT;
	} else if (x > this.x + (double) this.width) {
	    out |= OUT_RIGHT;
	}
	if (this.height <= 0) {
	    out |= OUT_TOP | OUT_BOTTOM;
	} else if (y < this.y) {
	    out |= OUT_TOP;
	} else if (y > this.y + (double) this.height) {
	    out |= OUT_BOTTOM;
	}
	return out;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new {@link Rectangle2D} object
     * representing the intersection of this <code>Rectangle</code> with the 
     * specified <code>Rectangle2D</code>.
     * @param r the <code>Rectangle2D</code> to be intersected 
     * 			with this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    the largest <code>Rectangle2D</code> contained in both the 
     *            specified <code>Rectangle2D</code> and in 
     *		  this <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D createIntersection(Rectangle2D r) {
	if (r instanceof Rectangle) {
	    return intersection((Rectangle) r);
	}
	Rectangle2D dest = new Rectangle2D.Double();
	Rectangle2D.intersect(this, r, dest);
	return dest;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a new <code>Rectangle2D</code> object representing the
     * union of this <code>Rectangle</code> with the specified 
     * <code>Rectangle2D</code>.
     * @param r the <code>Rectangle2D</code> to be combined with
     *           this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    the smallest <code>Rectangle2D</code> containing 
     * 		  both the specified <code>Rectangle2D</code> and this 
     *            <code>Rectangle</code>.
     * @since 1.2
     */
    public Rectangle2D createUnion(Rectangle2D r) {
	if (r instanceof Rectangle) {
	    return union((Rectangle) r);
	}
	Rectangle2D dest = new Rectangle2D.Double();
	Rectangle2D.union(this, r, dest);
	return dest;
    }

    /**
     * Checks whether two rectangles are equal.
     * <p>
     * The result is <code>true</code> if and only if the argument is not 
     * <code>null</code> and is a <code>Rectangle</code> object that has the 
     * same top-left corner, width, and height as this <code>Rectangle</code>. 
     * @param obj the <code>Object</code> to compare with
     *                this <code>Rectangle</code>
     * @return    <code>true</code> if the objects are equal; 
     *            <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	if (obj instanceof Rectangle) {
	    Rectangle r = (Rectangle)obj;
	    return ((x == r.x) &&
		    (y == r.y) &&
		    (width == r.width) &&
		    (height == r.height));
	}
	return super.equals(obj);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a <code>String</code> representing this 
     * <code>Rectangle</code> and its values.
     * @return a <code>String</code> representing this 
     *               <code>Rectangle</code> object's coordinate and size values.
     */
    public String toString() {
	return getClass().getName() + "[x=" + x + ",y=" + y + ",width=" + width + ",height=" + height + "]";
    }
}