- package com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.verifier.structurals;
-
- /* ====================================================================
- * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2001 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights
- * reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- * distribution.
- *
- * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
- * if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
- * "This product includes software developed by the
- * Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
- * Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
- * if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
- *
- * 4. The names "Apache" and "Apache Software Foundation" and
- * "Apache BCEL" must not be used to endorse or promote products
- * derived from this software without prior written permission. For
- * written permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
- *
- * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
- * "Apache BCEL", nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without
- * prior written permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
- * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
- * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
- * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
- * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
- * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
- * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
- * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- * ====================================================================
- *
- * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
- * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation. For more
- * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
- * <http://www.apache.org/>.
- */
-
- import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.*;
- import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.verifier.exc.*;
- import java.awt.Color;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Enumeration;
- import java.util.HashSet;
- import java.util.Hashtable;
- import java.util.Iterator;
-
- /**
- * Instances of this class contain information about the subroutines
- * found in a code array of a method.
- * This implementation considers the top-level (the instructions
- * reachable without a JSR or JSR_W starting off from the first
- * instruction in a code array of a method) being a special subroutine;
- * see getTopLevel() for that.
- * Please note that the definition of subroutines in the Java Virtual
- * Machine Specification, Second Edition is somewhat incomplete.
- * Therefore, JustIce uses an own, more rigid notion.
- * Basically, a subroutine is a piece of code that starts at the target
- * of a JSR of JSR_W instruction and ends at a corresponding RET
- * instruction. Note also that the control flow of a subroutine
- * may be complex and non-linear; and that subroutines may be nested.
- * JustIce also mandates subroutines not to be protected by exception
- * handling code (for the sake of control flow predictability).
- * To understand JustIce's notion of subroutines, please read
- *
- * TODO: refer to the paper.
- *
- * @version $Id: Subroutines.java,v 1.1.1.1 2001/10/29 20:00:42 jvanzyl Exp $
- * @author <A HREF="http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/~ehaase"/>Enver Haase</A>
- * @see #getTopLevel()
- */
- public class Subroutines{
- /**
- * This inner class implements the Subroutine interface.
- */
- private class SubroutineImpl implements Subroutine{
- /**
- * UNSET, a symbol for an uninitialized localVariable
- * field. This is used for the "top-level" Subroutine;
- * i.e. no subroutine.
- */
- private final int UNSET = -1;
-
- /**
- * The Local Variable slot where the first
- * instruction of this subroutine (an ASTORE) stores
- * the JsrInstruction's ReturnAddress in and
- * the RET of this subroutine operates on.
- */
- private int localVariable = UNSET;
-
- /** The instructions that belong to this subroutine. */
- private HashSet instructions = new HashSet(); // Elements: InstructionHandle
-
- /*
- * Refer to the Subroutine interface for documentation.
- */
- public boolean contains(InstructionHandle inst){
- return instructions.contains(inst);
- }
-
- /**
- * The JSR or JSR_W instructions that define this
- * subroutine by targeting it.
- */
- private HashSet theJSRs = new HashSet();
-
- /**
- * The RET instruction that leaves this subroutine.
- */
- private InstructionHandle theRET;
-
- /**
- * Returns a String representation of this object, merely
- * for debugging purposes.
- * (Internal) Warning: Verbosity on a problematic subroutine may cause
- * stack overflow errors due to recursive subSubs() calls.
- * Don't use this, then.
- */
- public String toString(){
- String ret = "Subroutine: Local variable is '"+localVariable+"', JSRs are '"+theJSRs+"', RET is '"+theRET+"', Instructions: '"+instructions.toString()+"'.";
-
- ret += " Accessed local variable slots: '";
- int[] alv = getAccessedLocalsIndices();
- for (int i=0; i<alv.length; i++){
- ret += alv[i]+" ";
- }
- ret+="'.";
-
- ret += " Recursively (via subsub...routines) accessed local variable slots: '";
- alv = getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndices();
- for (int i=0; i<alv.length; i++){
- ret += alv[i]+" ";
- }
- ret+="'.";
-
- return ret;
- }
-
- /**
- * Sets the leaving RET instruction. Must be invoked after all instructions are added.
- * Must not be invoked for top-level 'subroutine'.
- */
- void setLeavingRET(){
- if (localVariable == UNSET){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("setLeavingRET() called for top-level 'subroutine' or forgot to set local variable first.");
- }
- Iterator iter = instructions.iterator();
- InstructionHandle ret = null;
- while(iter.hasNext()){
- InstructionHandle actual = (InstructionHandle) iter.next();
- if (actual.getInstruction() instanceof RET){
- if (ret != null){
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine with more then one RET detected: '"+ret+"' and '"+actual+"'.");
- }
- else{
- ret = actual;
- }
- }
- }
- if (ret == null){
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine without a RET detected.");
- }
- if (((RET) ret.getInstruction()).getIndex() != localVariable){
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine uses '"+ret+"' which does not match the correct local variable '"+localVariable+"'.");
- }
- theRET = ret;
- }
-
- /*
- * Refer to the Subroutine interface for documentation.
- */
- public InstructionHandle[] getEnteringJsrInstructions(){
- if (this == TOPLEVEL) {
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("getLeavingRET() called on top level pseudo-subroutine.");
- }
- InstructionHandle[] jsrs = new InstructionHandle[theJSRs.size()];
- return (InstructionHandle[]) (theJSRs.toArray(jsrs));
- }
-
- /**
- * Adds a new JSR or JSR_W that has this subroutine as its target.
- */
- public void addEnteringJsrInstruction(InstructionHandle jsrInst){
- if ( (jsrInst == null) || (! (jsrInst.getInstruction() instanceof JsrInstruction))){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("Expecting JsrInstruction InstructionHandle.");
- }
- if (localVariable == UNSET){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("Set the localVariable first!");
- }
- else{
- // Something is wrong when an ASTORE is targeted that does not operate on the same local variable than the rest of the
- // JsrInstruction-targets and the RET.
- // (We don't know out leader here so we cannot check if we're really targeted!)
- if (localVariable != ((ASTORE) (((JsrInstruction) jsrInst.getInstruction()).getTarget().getInstruction())).getIndex()){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("Setting a wrong JsrInstruction.");
- }
- }
- theJSRs.add(jsrInst);
- }
-
- /*
- * Refer to the Subroutine interface for documentation.
- */
- public InstructionHandle getLeavingRET(){
- if (this == TOPLEVEL) {
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("getLeavingRET() called on top level pseudo-subroutine.");
- }
- return theRET;
- }
-
- /*
- * Refer to the Subroutine interface for documentation.
- */
- public InstructionHandle[] getInstructions(){
- InstructionHandle[] ret = new InstructionHandle[instructions.size()];
- return (InstructionHandle[]) instructions.toArray(ret);
- }
-
- /*
- * Adds an instruction to this subroutine.
- * All instructions must have been added before invoking setLeavingRET().
- * @see #setLeavingRET
- */
- void addInstruction(InstructionHandle ih){
- if (theRET != null){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("All instructions must have been added before invoking setLeavingRET().");
- }
- instructions.add(ih);
- }
-
- /* Satisfies Subroutine.getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndices(). */
- public int[] getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndices(){
- HashSet s = new HashSet();
- int[] lvs = getAccessedLocalsIndices();
- for (int j=0; j<lvs.length; j++){
- s.add(new Integer(lvs[j]));
- }
- _getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndicesHelper(s, this.subSubs());
- int[] ret = new int[s.size()];
- Iterator i = s.iterator();
- int j=-1;
- while (i.hasNext()){
- j++;
- ret[j] = ((Integer) i.next()).intValue();
- }
- return ret;
- }
-
- /**
- * A recursive helper method for getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndices().
- * @see #getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndices()
- */
- private void _getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndicesHelper(HashSet s, Subroutine[] subs){
- for (int i=0; i<subs.length; i++){
- int[] lvs = subs[i].getAccessedLocalsIndices();
- for (int j=0; j<lvs.length; j++){
- s.add(new Integer(lvs[j]));
- }
- if(subs[i].subSubs().length != 0){
- _getRecursivelyAccessedLocalsIndicesHelper(s, subs[i].subSubs());
- }
- }
- }
-
- /*
- * Satisfies Subroutine.getAccessedLocalIndices().
- */
- public int[] getAccessedLocalsIndices(){
- //TODO: Implement caching.
- HashSet acc = new HashSet();
- if (theRET == null && this != TOPLEVEL){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("This subroutine object must be built up completely before calculating accessed locals.");
- }
- Iterator i = instructions.iterator();
- while (i.hasNext()){
- InstructionHandle ih = (InstructionHandle) i.next();
- // RET is not a LocalVariableInstruction in the current version of BCEL.
- if (ih.getInstruction() instanceof LocalVariableInstruction || ih.getInstruction() instanceof RET){
- int idx = ((IndexedInstruction) (ih.getInstruction())).getIndex();
- acc.add(new Integer(idx));
- // LONG? DOUBLE?.
- try{
- // LocalVariableInstruction instances are typed without the need to look into
- // the constant pool.
- if (ih.getInstruction() instanceof LocalVariableInstruction){
- int s = ((LocalVariableInstruction) ih.getInstruction()).getType(null).getSize();
- if (s==2) acc.add(new Integer(idx+1));
- }
- }
- catch(RuntimeException re){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("Oops. BCEL did not like NULL as a ConstantPoolGen object.");
- }
- }
- }
-
- int[] ret = new int[acc.size()];
- i = acc.iterator();
- int j=-1;
- while (i.hasNext()){
- j++;
- ret[j] = ((Integer) i.next()).intValue();
- }
- return ret;
- }
-
- /*
- * Satisfies Subroutine.subSubs().
- */
- public Subroutine[] subSubs(){
- HashSet h = new HashSet();
-
- Iterator i = instructions.iterator();
- while (i.hasNext()){
- Instruction inst = ((InstructionHandle) i.next()).getInstruction();
- if (inst instanceof JsrInstruction){
- InstructionHandle targ = ((JsrInstruction) inst).getTarget();
- h.add(getSubroutine(targ));
- }
- }
- Subroutine[] ret = new Subroutine[h.size()];
- return (Subroutine[]) h.toArray(ret);
- }
-
- /*
- * Sets the local variable slot the ASTORE that is targeted
- * by the JsrInstructions of this subroutine operates on.
- * This subroutine's RET operates on that same local variable
- * slot, of course.
- */
- void setLocalVariable(int i){
- if (localVariable != UNSET){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("localVariable set twice.");
- }
- else{
- localVariable = i;
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * The default constructor.
- */
- public SubroutineImpl(){
- }
-
- }// end Inner Class SubrouteImpl
-
- /**
- * The Hashtable containing the subroutines found.
- * Key: InstructionHandle of the leader of the subroutine.
- * Elements: SubroutineImpl objects.
- */
- private Hashtable subroutines = new Hashtable();
-
- /**
- * This is referring to a special subroutine, namely the
- * top level. This is not really a subroutine but we use
- * it to distinguish between top level instructions and
- * unreachable instructions.
- */
- public final Subroutine TOPLEVEL;
-
- /**
- * Constructor.
- * @param il A MethodGen object representing method to
- * create the Subroutine objects of.
- */
- public Subroutines(MethodGen mg){
-
- InstructionHandle[] all = mg.getInstructionList().getInstructionHandles();
- CodeExceptionGen[] handlers = mg.getExceptionHandlers();
-
- // Define our "Toplevel" fake subroutine.
- TOPLEVEL = new SubroutineImpl();
-
- // Calculate "real" subroutines.
- HashSet sub_leaders = new HashSet(); // Elements: InstructionHandle
- InstructionHandle ih = all[0];
- for (int i=0; i<all.length; i++){
- Instruction inst = all[i].getInstruction();
- if (inst instanceof JsrInstruction){
- sub_leaders.add(((JsrInstruction) inst).getTarget());
- }
- }
-
- // Build up the database.
- Iterator iter = sub_leaders.iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()){
- SubroutineImpl sr = new SubroutineImpl();
- InstructionHandle astore = (InstructionHandle) (iter.next());
- sr.setLocalVariable( ((ASTORE) (astore.getInstruction())).getIndex() );
- subroutines.put(astore, sr);
- }
-
- // Fake it a bit. We want a virtual "TopLevel" subroutine.
- subroutines.put(all[0], TOPLEVEL);
- sub_leaders.add(all[0]);
-
- // Tell the subroutines about their JsrInstructions.
- // Note that there cannot be a JSR targeting the top-level
- // since "Jsr 0" is disallowed in Pass 3a.
- // Instructions shared by a subroutine and the toplevel are
- // disallowed and checked below, after the BFS.
- for (int i=0; i<all.length; i++){
- Instruction inst = all[i].getInstruction();
- if (inst instanceof JsrInstruction){
- InstructionHandle leader = ((JsrInstruction) inst).getTarget();
- ((SubroutineImpl) getSubroutine(leader)).addEnteringJsrInstruction(all[i]);
- }
- }
-
- // Now do a BFS from every subroutine leader to find all the
- // instructions that belong to a subroutine.
- HashSet instructions_assigned = new HashSet(); // we don't want to assign an instruction to two or more Subroutine objects.
-
- Hashtable colors = new Hashtable(); //Graph colouring. Key: InstructionHandle, Value: java.awt.Color .
-
- iter = sub_leaders.iterator();
- while (iter.hasNext()){
- // Do some BFS with "actual" as the root of the graph.
- InstructionHandle actual = (InstructionHandle) (iter.next());
- // Init colors
- for (int i=0; i<all.length; i++){
- colors.put(all[i], Color.white);
- }
- colors.put(actual, Color.gray);
- // Init Queue
- ArrayList Q = new ArrayList();
- Q.add(actual); // add(Obj) adds to the end, remove(0) removes from the start.
-
- /* BFS ALGORITHM MODIFICATION: Start out with multiple "root" nodes, as exception handlers are starting points of top-level code, too. [why top-level? TODO: Refer to the special JustIce notion of subroutines.]*/
- if (actual == all[0]){
- for (int j=0; j<handlers.length; j++){
- colors.put(handlers[j].getHandlerPC(), Color.gray);
- Q.add(handlers[j].getHandlerPC());
- }
- }
- /* CONTINUE NORMAL BFS ALGORITHM */
-
- // Loop until Queue is empty
- while (Q.size() != 0){
- InstructionHandle u = (InstructionHandle) Q.remove(0);
- InstructionHandle[] successors = getSuccessors(u);
- for (int i=0; i<successors.length; i++){
- if (((Color) colors.get(successors[i])) == Color.white){
- colors.put(successors[i], Color.gray);
- Q.add(successors[i]);
- }
- }
- colors.put(u, Color.black);
- }
- // BFS ended above.
- for (int i=0; i<all.length; i++){
- if (colors.get(all[i]) == Color.black){
- ((SubroutineImpl) (actual==all[0]?getTopLevel():getSubroutine(actual))).addInstruction(all[i]);
- if (instructions_assigned.contains(all[i])){
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Instruction '"+all[i]+"' is part of more than one subroutine (or of the top level and a subroutine).");
- }
- else{
- instructions_assigned.add(all[i]);
- }
- }
- }
- if (actual != all[0]){// If we don't deal with the top-level 'subroutine'
- ((SubroutineImpl) getSubroutine(actual)).setLeavingRET();
- }
- }
-
- // Now make sure no instruction of a Subroutine is protected by exception handling code
- // as is mandated by JustIces notion of subroutines.
- for (int i=0; i<handlers.length; i++){
- InstructionHandle _protected = handlers[i].getStartPC();
- while (_protected != handlers[i].getEndPC().getNext()){// Note the inclusive/inclusive notation of "generic API" exception handlers!
- Enumeration subs = subroutines.elements();
- while (subs.hasMoreElements()){
- Subroutine sub = (Subroutine) subs.nextElement();
- if (sub != subroutines.get(all[0])){ // We don't want to forbid top-level exception handlers.
- if (sub.contains(_protected)){
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine instruction '"+_protected+"' is protected by an exception handler, '"+handlers[i]+"'. This is forbidden by the JustIce verifier due to its clear definition of subroutines.");
- }
- }
- }
- _protected = _protected.getNext();
- }
- }
-
- // Now make sure no subroutine is calling a subroutine
- // that uses the same local variable for the RET as themselves
- // (recursively).
- // This includes that subroutines may not call themselves
- // recursively, even not through intermediate calls to other
- // subroutines.
- noRecursiveCalls(getTopLevel(), new HashSet());
-
- }
-
- /**
- * This (recursive) utility method makes sure that
- * no subroutine is calling a subroutine
- * that uses the same local variable for the RET as themselves
- * (recursively).
- * This includes that subroutines may not call themselves
- * recursively, even not through intermediate calls to other
- * subroutines.
- *
- * @throws StructuralCodeConstraintException if the above constraint is not satisfied.
- */
- private void noRecursiveCalls(Subroutine sub, HashSet set){
- Subroutine[] subs = sub.subSubs();
-
- for (int i=0; i<subs.length; i++){
- int index = ((RET) (subs[i].getLeavingRET().getInstruction())).getIndex();
-
- if (!set.add(new Integer(index))){
- // Don't use toString() here because of possibly infinite recursive subSubs() calls then.
- SubroutineImpl si = (SubroutineImpl) subs[i];
- throw new StructuralCodeConstraintException("Subroutine with local variable '"+si.localVariable+"', JSRs '"+si.theJSRs+"', RET '"+si.theRET+"' is called by a subroutine which uses the same local variable index as itself; maybe even a recursive call? JustIce's clean definition of a subroutine forbids both.");
- }
-
- noRecursiveCalls(subs[i], set);
-
- set.remove(new Integer(index));
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * Returns the Subroutine object associated with the given
- * leader (that is, the first instruction of the subroutine).
- * You must not use this to get the top-level instructions
- * modeled as a Subroutine object.
- *
- * @see #getTopLevel()
- */
- public Subroutine getSubroutine(InstructionHandle leader){
- Subroutine ret = (Subroutine) subroutines.get(leader);
-
- if (ret == null){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("Subroutine requested for an InstructionHandle that is not a leader of a subroutine.");
- }
-
- if (ret == TOPLEVEL){
- throw new AssertionViolatedException("TOPLEVEL special subroutine requested; use getTopLevel().");
- }
-
- return ret;
- }
-
- /**
- * Returns the subroutine object associated with the
- * given instruction. This is a costly operation, you
- * should consider using getSubroutine(InstructionHandle).
- * Returns 'null' if the given InstructionHandle lies
- * in so-called 'dead code', i.e. code that can never
- * be executed.
- *
- * @see #getSubroutine(InstructionHandle)
- * @see #getTopLevel()
- */
- public Subroutine subroutineOf(InstructionHandle any){
- Iterator i = subroutines.values().iterator();
- while (i.hasNext()){
- Subroutine s = (Subroutine) i.next();
- if (s.contains(any)) return s;
- }
- System.err.println("DEBUG: Please verify '"+any+"' lies in dead code.");
- return null;
- //throw new AssertionViolatedException("No subroutine for InstructionHandle found (DEAD CODE?).");
- }
-
- /**
- * For easy handling, the piece of code that is <B>not</B> a
- * subroutine, the top-level, is also modeled as a Subroutine
- * object.
- * It is a special Subroutine object where <B>you must not invoke
- * getEnteringJsrInstructions() or getLeavingRET()</B>.
- *
- * @see Subroutine#getEnteringJsrInstructions()
- * @see Subroutine#getLeavingRET()
- */
- public Subroutine getTopLevel(){
- return TOPLEVEL;
- }
- /**
- * A utility method that calculates the successors of a given InstructionHandle
- * <B>in the same subroutine</B>. That means, a RET does not have any successors
- * as defined here. A JsrInstruction has its physical successor as its successor
- * (opposed to its target) as defined here.
- */
- private static InstructionHandle[] getSuccessors(InstructionHandle instruction){
- final InstructionHandle[] empty = new InstructionHandle[0];
- final InstructionHandle[] single = new InstructionHandle[1];
- final InstructionHandle[] pair = new InstructionHandle[2];
-
- Instruction inst = instruction.getInstruction();
-
- if (inst instanceof RET){
- return empty;
- }
-
- // Terminates method normally.
- if (inst instanceof ReturnInstruction){
- return empty;
- }
-
- // Terminates method abnormally, because JustIce mandates
- // subroutines not to be protected by exception handlers.
- if (inst instanceof ATHROW){
- return empty;
- }
-
- // See method comment.
- if (inst instanceof JsrInstruction){
- single[0] = instruction.getNext();
- return single;
- }
-
- if (inst instanceof GotoInstruction){
- single[0] = ((GotoInstruction) inst).getTarget();
- return single;
- }
-
- if (inst instanceof BranchInstruction){
- if (inst instanceof Select){
- // BCEL's getTargets() returns only the non-default targets,
- // thanks to Eli Tilevich for reporting.
- InstructionHandle[] matchTargets = ((Select) inst).getTargets();
- InstructionHandle[] ret = new InstructionHandle[matchTargets.length+1];
- ret[0] = ((Select) inst).getTarget();
- System.arraycopy(matchTargets, 0, ret, 1, matchTargets.length);
- return ret;
- }
- else{
- pair[0] = instruction.getNext();
- pair[1] = ((BranchInstruction) inst).getTarget();
- return pair;
- }
- }
-
- // default case: Fall through.
- single[0] = instruction.getNext();
- return single;
- }
-
- /**
- * Returns a String representation of this object; merely for debugging puposes.
- */
- public String toString(){
- return "---\n"+subroutines.toString()+"\n---\n";
- }
- }